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Pain Scales
Pain Scales for Adults and Children
Question | Answer |
---|---|
List the 2 types of pain scales for adults. | unidimensional and multidimensional pain scales |
List the 3 unidimensional pain scales for adults. | numeric rating scale; visual analogue scale; categorical scales |
Numeric Rating Scale | rates pain on a scale of 0-10 by asking pt. to rate current pain level |
Visual Analogue Scale | utilizes vertical/horizontal 10 cm line with anchors; one end labeled "no pain" and the opposite is labeled "worst pain"; patient marks his/her current pain level on the line |
Categorical Scales | use verbal/visual descriptors to identify pain intensity; verbal descriptors include: mild, discomforting, distressing, horrible, excruciating, no pain, etc.; visual descriptors include Faces Pain Scale for Adults and Children (FPS) |
List the 4 multidimensional pain scales for adults. | initial pain assessment inventory; brief pain inventory; McGill Pain Questionnaire; Neuropathic Pain Scale |
Initial Pain Assessment Inventory | used for initial assessment of pain; assesses characteristics of pain; effects of pain on pt.'s life, such as daily activities, sleep, appetite, etc.; includes diagram to note pain location, scale for pain intensity, and space for addit. comments |
Brief Pain Inventory | used to quantify pain intensity and assoc. disability; assesses pain intensity, location, effects on life, type, and effectiveness of treatment over last 24 hours |
McGill Pain Questionnaire | uses descriptive words to assess pain on three levels: sensory, affective, and evaluative; can be used with other tools |
Neuropathic Pain Scale | assesses type and degree of sensations assoc. with neuropathic pain; the pt. rates 8 common qualities of neuropathic pain on a scale of 0-10 |
List the pain scales for children. | FACES Pain Rating Scale; Oucher; Numeric Scale; Poker Chip Tool; Word-Graphic Rating Scale; Numeric Scale; Visual Analogue Scale; Color Tool |
FACES Pain Rating Scale | assesses pain for children ages 3 and up; the Wong-Baker has 5 faces from which the child can select his/her current pain level |
Oucher | assesses pain for children ages 3-13 with photos or a numeric scale; photographic scale 6 photographs of children ranging from a child with "no hurt" to a child with a "lot of hurt"; arranged vertically from 0-5 |
Numeric Scale | ranges vertically from 0-100 with 0 being no hurt and 100 being biggest hurt |
Poker Chip Tool | assesses pain in children 4 years and up; nurse places red poker chips horizontally in front of the child, with poker chips representing "pieces of hurt."; child selects how many pieces of hurt she/he has |
Word-Graphic Rating Scale | assess pain in children ages 4-17 years; uses words on a horizontal linear scale to assess pain; child asked to identify her/his current level of pain on the scale |
Numeric Scale | assesses pain for children ages 5 and older; uses a horizontal linear scale with numbers from 0-5/10, with 0 being no pain and 5/10 being worst pain |
Visual Analogue Scale | assesses pain in children ages 4.5 and oler; similar to that used for adults; child is asked to identify her/his pain level by marking the line in the area that represents her or his level of pain |
Color Tool | assesses pain for children as young as 4 years by having the child create a body outline using colored markers or crayon; child selects 4 colors; first color represents most hurt and last represents no hurt |
List the Behavioral Pain Assessment Scales for Infants. | CRIES; Postoperative Pain Score; Neonatal Infant Pain Scale; Pain Assessment Tool; Pain Rating Scale; Premature Infant Pain Profile (PIPP); Modified Behavioral Pain Scale |