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ASCPPBT Review Terms
Review for ASCP PBT
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Abdominal Cavity: | Body space between the diaphragm and the pelvis, which houses abdominal organs such as the stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, spleen, and kidneys. |
| Abducted: | Away from the body; the position of the patient;s arm for Arterial Blood Gas Collection |
| ABSs | Arterial Blood Gases |
| ABO Blood group system: | Four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. Based on the presence or absence of two antiges identifies as A & B |
| Accession: | The process of recording in order received. |
| Acid Citrate Dextrose (ACD) | An anticoagulant solution available in two formulation, A & B, for immunohematology test such as DNA testing & human leukocyte antigen (HLA) phenotyping, which is used in paternity evaluation and to determine transplant compatibility |
| Acidosis: | A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally low, Acidic |
| ACT: | Activated Clotting Time |
| Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (APTT or PTT): | Test used to evaluate the function of the intrinsic coagulation pathway and monitor Heparin therapy. |
| Additive: | A substance (other than the tube stopper or coating) such as an anticoagulant, antiglycolytic agent, separator gel, preservative, or clot activator placed in a tube or collection container. An additive can be a liquid, powder or spray-dried coating |
| Adipose: | Denoting Fat |
| Aerobic: | With air |
| Aerosol: | Fine mist of the specimen. |
| AFP | Alpha-fetoprotein |
| Agglutinate: | To clump together; as in the antigen-antibody reaction between red blood cells of two different blood types. |
| Agranulocytes: | White blood cells (WBCs) that lack granuls or have extremely fine granules that are not easy to see. |
| AHCCCs: | Arizona Healthcare Cost Containment Stystem |
| Airborne Precautions: | Precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients known or suspected of being infected with microorganisms transmitted by airborne droplet nuclei |
| Airborne Transmission: | Transmission of disease by dispersal of evaporated droplet nuclei containing an infectious agent. |
| Aliquot: | A portion of specimen used for testing. |
| Alkalosis: | A dangerous condition in which the pH of the blood is abnormally high (alkaline). |
| Allen Test: | A simple noninvasive test to assess collateral circulation before collecting a blood specimen form the radial artery. |
| Alph-fetoprotein (AFP): | An antigen normally present in the human fetus that is also found in amniotic fluid and maternal serum. It is also present in certain pathological conditions in males and non-pregnant females. |
| Alveoli: | Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. |
| Amniotic Fluid: | Clear, almost colorless to pale-yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) surrounding and cushioning a fetus in the uterus. |
| Anabolism: | A constructive process by which the body converts simple compounds into complex substances needed to carry out the cellular activities of the body. |
| Anaerobic: | Without air. |
| Analyte: | A general term for substance undergoing analysis. |
| Anatomic Position: | Teh position of standing erect, arms at the side, with eyes and palms of hands facing forward. |
| Anatomy: | The structure of an organism, or the science of the structural composition of the body. |
| Anchor: | To secure firmly, as in holding a vein n place by pulling the skin taut with the thumb. |
| Anemia: | An abnormal reduction the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in the circulating blood. |
| Antecubital Fossa: | The area of the arm that is anterior to the and below the bend of the elbow, where the major veins for Venipuncture are located . |
| Antecubital Veins: | Major superficial veins located in the antecubital fossa: Median Cubital Vein, Cephalic Vein, Basilic Vein & Median Vein, Median Cephalic Vein, Median Basilic Vein. |
| Arteriospasm: | A reflex; involuntary contraction of the artery that can be caused by pain or irritation during needle penetration of the artery muscle or that may result from a patient's anxiety during arterial puncture. |
| Brachial Artery: | Artery located in the medial anterior aspect for the antecubital fossa near the insertion of the biceps muscle; the second choice for Arterial Puncture for ABGS |
| Collateral Circulation: | An area supplied with blood from more than one artery so that circulation can be maintained if one vessel is obstructed. |
| Femoral Artery: | Large artery located superficially in te4h groin, lateral to the pubic bone; it is the largest artery used for arterial puncture, but the last choice to be used. |
| FiO2: | Fractional inspired Oxygen, as in oxygen therapy. |
| L/M: | Liters per minute, as in Oxygen Therapy. |
| Radial Artery: | The Artery located at the thumb side of the wrist, which is the First Choice and the most common site used for Arterial Puncture when getting ABGs. |
| Steady State: | Stable condition required before obtaining blood gas specimens; a condition in which there has been no exercise, suctioning, or respirator change for at least 20 to 30 minutes. |
| Ulnar Artery: | Artery located on the medial aspect or little finger side of the wrist. |
| ARD: | Antimicrobial Removal Device: Blood culture bottle containing a resin that removes antimicrobials (antibiotics) from blood specimen. |
| Autologous: | Self Donation: Blood that is donated for one's own use. |
| BAC: | Blood Alcohol Concentration; Concentration of alcohol in a person's blood used as a measurement of intoxication for legal or medical purposes. |
| Bacteremia: | Bacteria in the blood. |
| BNP: | B-type natriuretic peptide; Cardiac hormone produced by the heart in response to ventricular volume expansion and pressure overload. |
| BT: | Bleeding Time Test; Test that measures the time required for blood to stop flowing from a standardized puncture on the inner surface of the forearm. |
| Chain of Custody: | Special strict protocol for forensic specimens that requires detailed documentation tracking the specimen form the time it is collected until the results are reported. |
| Compatibility: | Ability to be mixed together with favorable results, as in blood transfusions. |
| CRP: | C-Reactive protein; A beta-globulin found in the blood that responds to inflammation and therefore can be used as a sensitive though nonspecific marker of systemic inflammation. |
| EQC: | Electronic Quality Control; Electronic devices that can detect problems with specimens, and perform electronic internal checks to determine if the instrument is functioning properly. |
| ETOH: | Ethanol or Blood Alcohol; |
| FAN: | Fastidious Antimicrobial neutralization; blood culture bottle that contains activated charcoal that neutralizes antibiotics in a blood specimen. |
| FUO: | Fever of unknown origin. |
| GTT: | Glucose Tolerance Test; A test use to diagnose carbohydrate metabolism problems. |
| HCG: | Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; Hormone that appears in both urine and serum beginning approximately 10 days after conception. HCG is the substance detected in pregnancy tests. |
| Hyperglycemia: | A condition in which the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is high, as in diabetes mellitus. |
| Hypoglycemia: | Condition in which the level of sugar (glucose) in the blood is low. |
| Hyperpokalemia: | A high concentration of potassium in the blood. |
| Hypopokalemia: | A low concentration of potassium in the blood |
| Hypernatremia: | A high concentration of sodium in the blood. |
| Hyponatremia: | A low concentration of sodium in the blood. |
| iCa2+ | Ionized Calcium; A form of calcium used by the body for such critical functions as muscular contraction, cardiac function, transmission of nerve impulses and blood clotting. |
| INR: | International Normalized Ratio |
| K+: | Potassium; A mineral that is essential for normal muscle activity and the conduction of nerve impulses. |
| Lactate: | A form of lactic acid that is used as a marker of the severity of metabolic acidosis and a patient's stress response/ |
| Lookback: | Program that requires all components of a unit of blood to be traceable back to the donor and that also requires notification to all blood recipients when a donor for blood product they have received has turned positive for a transmissible disease. |
| Lysis: | Rupturing, as in the bursting of Red Blood cells. |
| NIDA: | National Institute on Drug Abuse |
| Peak Level: | Drug level collected when the highest serum concentration of the drug is anticipated. |
| POCT: | Alternate sit testing (AST) or ancillary, bedside, or near-patient testing, often performed using portable or handheld instruments. |
| PP: | Postprandial;After a meal. |
| Septicemia: | Microorganisms or their toxins in the blood. |
| TDM: | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring; Testing of drug levels at specific intervals to help establish a drug dose, maintain the dosage at a therapeutic beneficial level and avoid drug toxicity. |
| TGC: | Tight Glycemic Index; Intensive insulin therapy that involves frequent monitoring of patients's glucose level and administering insulin as required to keep glucose levels in a predetermined normal rang and avoid hyperglycemia. |
| Tnl: | Troponin I; a protein specific to heart muscle used in diagnosing an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) or heart attack. |
| TnT: | Troponin T; a protein specific to heart muscle used in diagnosing a heart attack and also to monitor the effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy. |
| Trough Level: | Drug level collected when the lowest serum concentration of the drug is expected, usually immediately prior to administration of the next scheduled dose. |
| Accession Number: | A number generated by the laboratory information system (LIS) when the specimen request in entered into the computer. |
| Bar Code: | A series of black stripes and whit spaces of varying widths that correspond to letters and numbers. |
| Central Processing: | Screening prioritizing area where specimens are received and prepared for testing. |
| CPU: | Central Processing Unit |
| Centrifuge: | A machine that spins the blood tubes at a high number of revolutions per minute. |
| Cursor: | Flashing indicator on the computer screen |
| Data: | Information collected for analysis or computation. |
| DOT: | Department of Transportation |
| Enter Key: | Key on computer keyboard for data input |
| FAA: | Federal Aviation Administration |
| Hardware: | Computer equipment used to process data |
| HPC: | Hand Held PC |
| Icon: | Images used to request the appropriate programs or functions on a computer. |
| ID code: | Unique Identification for users. |
| Input: | To enter data into a computer |
| Interface: | Connect for the purpose of interaction. |
| LAN: | Local Area Network |
| LIS: | Laboratory Information System |
| Menu: | A list of options from which the user may choose. |
| Mnemonic: | Memory-aiding code or abbreviation, as used in LIS for example. |
| Network: | A group of computers linked for the purpose of sharing resources. |
| Output: | Return of processed information or data to the user or to someone in another location. |
| Password: | A secret code that uniquely identifies a person and allows h them to become a system user. |
| PDA | Personal Digital Assistant |
| Preanalytical: | Prior to analysis |
| QNS: | Quantity Not Sufficient |
| RAM: | Random-Access Memory |
| RFID: | Radio Frequency Identification |
| ROM: | Read-Only Memory |
| Software: | Programming or coded instruction required to control the hardware used in processing data. |
| Storage: | The preservateion of data outside the CPU |
| Terminal: | A computer screen and keyboard |
| USB drive: | Universal Serial Bus; a device use for storing information. |
| AFP: | alpha-fetoprotein; Problems in fetal development can be detected by measuring the AFP. Abnormal AFP levels could indicate neural tube defects or Down's Syndrome. Gestation age determines the level of normalcy. |
| Buccal Swab: | Swabs of materials collected from the inside of the cheek. |
| C&S: | Culture and Sensitivity; Microbiology test placing organisms on nutrient media, identifying any that grow, and then performing sensitivity/antibiotic susceptiblility testing to identify antibiotics that will be effective against them. |
| Catheterized: | A urine specimen collected from a sterile catheter inserted through the urethra into the bladder |
| Clean Catch: | Method of obtaining a urine sample so that it is free of contamination from the external genital area. |
| CSF: | Cerebrospinal Fluid; Clear, colorless liquid that circulates within the cavities surrounding the brain and spinal cord; it has many of the same components as plasma |
| FOBT | Fecal Occult Blood Test; A test that detects hidden (occult) blood in stool (feces) |
| Gastric Analysis | A test that examines stomach contents for abnormal substances and measures gastric acid concentration to evaluate stomach acid production. |
| H. pylori | Helicobacter pylori; Bacterial species secreting substances that damage the lining of the stomach and cause chronic gastritis, which can lead to peptic ulcer disease |
| Iontophoresis: | Electrical stimulation from electrodes placed on the skin. Used in the production of sweat in the sweat chloride test |
| Midstream: | Urine collection in which the specimen is collected in the middle of urination rather than at the beginning or end. |
| NP: | Nasopharyngeal; referring to the nasal cavity and pharynx. |
| O&P: | Ova & Parasites; a test to detect the presence of intestinal parasites and their eggs in feces. |
| Occult Blood test: | Hidden Blood; Guaic Test that tests for hidden blood in feces. |
| Pericardial Fluid: | Fluid aspirated from the pericardial cavity that surrounds the heart. |
| Pertoneal Fluid: | Fluid aspirated from the abdominal cavity. |
| Pleural Fluid: | Fluid aspirated from the plueral cavity surrounding the lungs. |
| Serous Fluid: | Pale-yellow , watery fluid found between the dbl layered membranes that enclose the pleural, pericardial, and peritioneal cavities. |
| Sputum: | Mucus or phlegm ejected from the trachea, bronchi, and lungs by deep coughing. |
| C. difficile: | Bacteriums that can inhabit the intestinal tract and proliferate at the expense of normal bacteria in patients on antibiotic therapy. |
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