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Muscle tone

Term characteristics
What should one look out for in UMN lesion? 1. Behaviour 2. Secondary Factors 3. Compensatory Factors
Hypertonia the resistance is more than normal when passively moved
Hypotonia the resistance is lower than normal when passively moved
Flaccidity No resistance when passively moved
Absence of tone Flaccidity (Tone)
Decreased muscle tone Hypotonia Tone)
No active movement Flaccidity (Active movements)
Active movements is poor and uncoordinated Hypotonia Active movements)
Absence of deep tendon reflex Flaccidity (Reflex)
Supressed cough reflex Hypotonia (Reflex)
If the limb is moved passively, it usually feels heavy Flaccidity (limb)
The limb appears flaccid and soft upon touching Lie uncomfortable and abnormal position. Flaccidity (limb)
Uses limb for -support -increase balance Hypotonia (limb)
The pt unable hold limb in requested, placed position. against gravity. Flaccidity (posture and position)
Difficult to move against gravity and maintain posture against gravity Hypotonia (posture and position)
Subluxation and dislocation of joints Flaccidity (joints)
Hypermobility of joints Hypotonia (joints)
1. Intellectual development problems 2. Problems with eating, drinking, breathing 3.Breathing is shallow 4. Muscle weakness 5. Emotionally Blunt Hypotonia
1. Medical file 2. Age 3. Immediate condition of pt 4. Observation 5. Passive movement 6. Active Movement 7. Reflex activity Assessment of Flaccidity and Hypotonia
1. Medical file 2. Age 3. Immediate condition of pt 4. Observation 5. Passive movement 6. Active Movement 7. .Specific structured activity 8. Tonic Reflex activity Assessment of Hypertonia
1. establish diagnosis 2. Determine has/course of illness 3. When was the injury sustained 4. Prognosis 1. Medical file
1. dependent adult, child or elderly. 2. Age
1. Determine if can bring to the department (attached to monitors etc) 2. Consult doctors and nursing staff w.r.t mobility pt 3. Immediate condition of pt
1. Spontaneous movements 2. participation in activities 4. Observation
Principles: 1. Full ROM 2. Proximal-distal 3. Support limbs- no over stretching muscles, dislocation joints. 4.Ask for help from nurse when needed 5. Passive movement (principles)
gross movements> fine coordinated movements 6. Active Movement
7. Reflex activity
Position 1. Supine- anatomical mid position. (NO pillow!0 2. side-lying 3. Prone 5. Passive movement (Position)
1. note fixated contractors 2. DON'T move past pain threshold Limb painful- misuse and immobilisation. 3. Position correctly (therapist)- pt can fall because of undeveloped protective extension reflexes. Hypertonic Precautions
Created by: ing3botha
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