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Ch 11 Vocab

Chapter 11 Vocabulary: Industry and Energy

Term	Definition
Bulk-gaining industry	An industry in which the final product weighs more or comprises a greater volume than the inputs.
Bulk-reducing industry	An industry in which the final product weights less or comprises a lower volume than the inputs.
Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)	A gas used as a solvent, a propellant in aerosols, a refrigerant, and in plastic foams and fire extinguishers.
Consumptive water usage	The use of water that evaporates rather than being returned to nature as a liquid
Cottage industry	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in factories, most common prior to the industrial revolution
Fission	The splitting of an atomic nucleus to release energy
Fordist productions	A form of mass production in which each worker is assigned one specific task to perform repeatedly
Fossil fuel	An energy source formed from the residue of plants and animals buried millions of years ago
Fusion	Creation of energy by joining the nuclei of two hydrogen atoms to form helium
Geothermal energy	Energy from steam or hot water produced from hot or molten underground rocks
Greenhouse effect	The anticipated increase in Earth's temperature caused by carbon dioxide (emitted by burning fossil fuels) trapping some of the radiation emitted by the surface
Just-in-time delivery	Shipment of parts and materials to arrive at a factory moments before they are needed.
Labor-intensive industry	An industry for which labor costs comprise a high percentage of total expenses.
Maquiladora	A factory built by a U.S. company in Mexico near the U.S. border, to take advantage of the much lower labor costs in Mexico.
New international division of labor	Transfer of some types of jobs, especially those requiring low-paid, less-skilled workers, from more developed to less developed countries.
Nonconsumptive water usage	The use of water that is returned to nature as a liquid
Nonpoint source pollution	Pollution that originates from a large, diffuse area
Nonrenewable energy	A source of energy that has a finite supply capable of being exhausted.
Outsourcing	A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers
Ozone	A gas that absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation and is found in the stratosphere, a zone 15 to 50 kilometers (9-30 miles) above Earth's surface.
Passive solar energy systems	Solar energy systems that collect energy without the use of mechanical devices.
Photochemical smog	An atmospheric condition formed through a combination of weather conditions and pollution, especially from motor vehicle emissions
Point source pollution	Pollution that enters a body of water from a specific source
Pollution	Concentration of waste added to air, water, or land at a greater level than occurs in average air, water, or land.
Post-Fordist production	Adoption by companies of flexible work rules, such as the allocation of workers to teams that perform a variety of tasks.
Potential reserve	The amount of resource in deposits not yet identified but thought to exist.
Recycling	The separation, collection, processing, marketing, and reuse of unwanted material
Remanufacturing	The rebuilding of a product to specifications of the original manufactured product using a combination of reused, repaired, and new parts
Renewable energy	A resource that has a theoretically unlimited supply and is not depleted when used by people
Right to work law	A U.S. law that prevents a union and a company from negotiating a contract that requires workers to join the union as a condition of employment.
Sanitary landfill	A place to deposit solid waste, where the layer of earth is bulldozed over garbage each day to reduce emissions of gases and odors from the decaying trash, to minimize fires, and to discourage vermin.
Site factors	Location factors related to the costs of factors of production inside a plant, such as land, labor, and capital.
Situation factors	Location factors related to the transportation of materials into and from a factory.
Vertical integration	An approach typical of traditional mass production in which a company controls all phases of a highly complex production process.

Created by: clevelandv

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