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week 12
Alterations of Electrolyte Balance
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Hyponatremia is a condition with a serum sodium concentration below the normal range of less than ______ mEq/L. | 135 mEq/L |
| Hypernatremia is a condition with a serum sodium concentration above the normal range of _____ mEq/L. | 145 mEq/L |
| Which data should the nurse identify as placing a patient at risk for hypovolemic hyponatremia? | Profuse diaphoresis |
| Which are the causes of water depletion hypernatremia? | - Dehydration - Hyperthermia - Emesis - Diarrhea |
| A serum potassium concentration of less than _______ mEq/L is considered to be hypokalemia. | 3.5 mEq/L |
| A serum potassium concentration above ______ mEq/L is considered hyperkalemia. | 5.0 mEq/L |
| Which are the causes of hypokalemia? | - Laxative abuse - Anorexia - Emesis - Chemotherapeutic agents |
| Which drug classification should the nurse identify as a cause of hyperkalemia? | ACE inhibitors |
| A serum calcium concentration less than _______ mg/dL is referred to as hypocalcemia. | 9.0 mg/dL |
| A serum calcium concentration greater than _______ mg/dL is known as hypercalcemia. | 10.5 mg/dL |
| Which is the most common cause of hypercalcemia? | Hyperparathyroidism |
| Which items found during the review of a medical history should the nurse identify as risk factors for hypocalcemia? | - Inadequate dietary intake - Hypomagnesemia - Hypoparathyroidism |
| Hypomagnesemia occurs when the serum magnesium concentration is below _____ mEq/L. | 1.3 mEq/L |
| Hypermagnesemia occurs when the serum magnesium concentration is greater than _____ mEq/L. | 2.1 mEq/L |
| When conducting patient education related to the causes of hypermagnesemia, which cause should the nurse include in the teaching session? | Renal failure |
| Which are the potential causes of hypomagnesemia? | - Loop and thiazide diuretics usage - Crohn’s disease - Alcohol abuse |
| Hypophosphatemia occurs when the serum phosphate concentration is below ______ mEq/L. | 1.7 mEq/L |
| When the serum phosphate concentration increases above _______ mEq/L, it causes hyperphosphatemia. | 2.6 mEq/L |
| Which should the nurse include in a patient-teaching session as the most common cause for hyperphosphatemia? | Poor kidney function |
| Which are the potential causes of phosphate moving from the extracellular to the intracellular space, resulting in hypophosphatemia? | - Respiratory alkalosis - Hyperglycemia |
| Which serum sodium concentration should the nurse identify as hyponatremia? | 130 mEq/L |
| Which serum sodium concentration should the nurse identify as hypernatremia? | 150 mEq/L |
| Which factors should the nurse identify as increasing a patient’s risk for hypovolemic hyponatremia? | - Diuretics - Emesis - Diarrhea |
| Which disease process should the nurse identify as the cause of the patient’s serum potassium concentration of 5.3 mEq/L? | Severe infections |
| Which medical order should the nurse question for a patient experiencing hypokalemia? | Loop diuretic prescription |
| Which serum potassium concentrations would the nurse identify as hyperkalemia in the patient’s medical record? | 5.1 mEq/L 5.5 mEq/L |
| Which nursing statement is accurate when providing education to a post-menopausal patient who is at risk for hypercalcemia? | “It is important for us to monitor your serum parathyroid levels.” |
| Which serum calcium concentrations should the nurse identify as abnormal? | 7.9 mg/dL 8.4 mg/dL 10.6 mg/dL |
| Which should the nurse identify as a primary cause of hypocalcemia? | Protein depletion |
| The nurse is providing care to a patient who is diagnosed with hypomagnesemia. Which cause for this condition should the nurse include in the patient teaching? | Loop diuretics |
| Which finding in the patient’s medical history necessitates the nurse to provide education related to hypermagnesemia? | Leukemia |
| A patient is diagnosed with hypermagnesemia related to an increased intake of magnesium. Which topic should the nurse include when providing patient education regarding the cause of the condition? | - Antacid use - Magnesium-containing laxatives |
| When conducting patient education related to the causes of hypermagnesemia, which cause should the nurse include in the teaching session? | Renal Failiure |
| A patient is diagnosed with hypophosphatemia caused by an increased excretion of phosphate. Which probable cause for this condition should the nurse include in the teaching session with the patient? | Diabetic ketoacidosis |
| A patient is diagnosed with drug-related hyperphosphatemia. Which type of drug should the nurse include in the teaching session as the cause of the current diagnosis? | Cathartics |
| Which causes, related to poor intake of phosphate, should the nurse include in a teaching session for a patient who is diagnosed with hypophosphatemia? | - Phosphate-binding antacids - Alcoholism - Malabsorption syndrome |
| Which should the nurse include in a patient-teaching session as the most common cause for hyperphosphatemia? | Poor kidney function |
Created by:
Brandi Sizemore
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