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U.S. History Finals
Flash Cards of all we've studied in U.S. History
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How was maize created? | This was a bio-engineered by pre-historic peoples living in North America about 7,000 years ago. |
| What is the significance of plants as beans, squash, chilies, and maize to understanding the development of the first civilizations in North America. | These allowed an agricultural revolution to begin in North America, which allowed tribes to settle in a place for longer periods of time. It also caused tribal populations to grown considerably. |
| How did the Anasazi tribe respond to the environmental changes that started around 900 C.E.? | This tribe built flood-control dams and irrigation canals, built entire cities of multi-story apartment houses into the sides of high cliffs, and they formed larger communities to handle these innovations. |
| Wo found the tribe that came to be known the Aztecs? | The tribe was founded by a group of Native Americans that left the American Southwest due to environmental changes in the region. They settled in the Valley of Mexico and eventually called themselves this. |
| What is a "tributary empire"? | Subjects rule themselves but they must send goods and labor to the imperial government in exchange for protection and services. |
| Why did Native Americans in some regions of pre-Columbian North America choose not to farm? | They did this because there was an abundance of wild foods available. |
| Why was the Powhatan Confederacy formed? | This was created due to the need for mutual defense as warfare became more common. |
| What was the "Colombian Exchange"? | This was the name given to the trading of people, plants, and animals among Europe, Africa, and North America. |
| When did General Cornwallis surrender to General Washington? | October 19, 1781 |
| When the Revolutionary War began, what fraction of free Americans lived in poverty or depended on the community or charity? | 1/5th |
| What does the term "republican womanhood" mean/refer to? | This term refers to the practice of mothers and wives helping to sustain American values and raise a new generation of concerned citizens" during the Revolutionary War. |
| What does the term "manumission" mean/refer to? | This term refers to "freedom from slavery or bondage." |
| What does the term "primogeniture" mean? | This term means "the oldest son in a family gets to inherit the land or property". |
| Where did many Loyalists go after the Revolutionary War? | This group of people fled to Canada. |
| Who was Baron Friedrich von Steuben? | He worked with Gen. Washington's Continental Army during their winter camp at Valley Forge in 1778. He taught them military skills such as how to set up proper camps to keep them sanitary and hand-to-hand combat skills. |
| Why did Gen. Washington attack Hessian troops at Trenton, New Jersey before taking his soldiers to their camp for the winter at Valley Forge? | He did this because he knew that his soldier's morale was low due to so many recent loses and many of their enlistments were about up. He wanted to improve their morale so that more would re-enlist. |
| _____________ were Colonists who agreed to work for several years in tobacco fields without pay in exchange for their transatlantic voyage. | Indentured servants |
| What products did the New England colonies produce that made them the second largest "economic powerhouse" among the 13 Colonies? | Whales/whale oil |
| What product made Virginia the number one economic powerhouse among the 13 Colonies? | (Spanish) tobacco |
| List the names of the four (4) New England Colonies. | 1.) Rhode Island 2.) New Hampshire; 3.) Connecticut; 4.) Massachusetts |
| List the names of the four (4) Middle Colonies. | 1.) New York; 2.) New Jersey; 3.) Pennsylvania; 4.) Delaware. |
| List the names of the five (5) Southern Colonies. | 1.) Virginia; 2.) Maryland; 3.) North Carolina; 4.) South Carolina; 5.) Georgia. |
| What does the term "Enlightenment" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to a 16th century intellectual movement that began in Europe and spread to the Colonies. |
| What did Enlightenment Thinkers believe where religion was concerned? | This group of people believed in "Deism". |
| What did the Judiciary Act of 1789 establish? | 1. A Supreme Court; 2. 13 district courts; 3. 3 circuit courts; 4. Empowered the Supreme Court to review state court decisions; 5. Empowered the Supreme Court to nullify state laws that violated the Constitution or any treaties made. |
| What were the Bill of Rights and why were they added to the Constitution? | They are the first ten Amendments to the Constitution. They were added to fulfill a promise that James Madison made during the process of ratifying ("approving") the U.S. Constitution. |
| What does the term "civil liberties" mean? | Civil Liberties = Fundamental individual rights. |
| Who was citizen Edmond Genet? | Otherwise known as "Citizen Genet", he was a French diplomatic ambassador who was sent to try to gather support for the French Revolution among Americans. |
| What were "Democratic - Republican Societies"? | There were 35 of these groups that sprang up between 1793 & 1794 "to serve as a platform for expressing the public's will, insisting that elected officials were "agents of the people, not their leaders, & so should do as the people wished. |
| What happened during the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794? | Angry Pennsylvanians who were opposed to a new federal excise tax on whiskey ransacked & burned the home of the federal excise inspector, then threatened a march on Pittsburgh. |
| What were two (2) things that resulted from the Treaty of Greenville? | 1.) Native Americans gave away most of the land that later became Ohio; 2.) Indian reservations were established. (Pg. 199) |
| Why did President Washington send Chief Justice John Jay to England in early 1794? | To try to get him to produce a compromise that would prevent war between Britain and the United States as the British had begun seizing U.S. ships who were trading with France in the Caribbean. |
| Why could "long staple cotton" be harvested more economically than "short staple cotton"? | The reason for this was that "long staple cotton" was longer and more fibrous, which made it easier and much faster to pick seeds from the cotton boll than "short staple cotton". (Pg. 247) |
| List 3 reasons why cotton became the United States' dominant export in the 1800's. | 1.) An increase in the demand for cotton worldwide; 2.) The invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney; 3.) A nearly unlimited pool of very cheap laborers because of slavery in the United States. |
| List 3 technological developments that "set the stage" for rapid expansion of cotton production. | 1.) The "flying shuttle" made weaving cotton much easier; 2.) The "spinning jenny" made it possible to use multiple spindles to spin cotton into thread; 3.) The "water frame" made it possible to use water power to drive the spinning process. |
| What led to an increase in the demand for cotton in Europe? | A change in consumer preferences from clothing made out of of materials to clothing made out of cotton, which was much softer and more comfortable to wear. |
| How did the cotton gin improve the cotton production process? | This invention made it much easier to remove the tiny seeds from the cotton boll. Went from 1 slave being able to process 1 pound of cotton a day to 1 cotton gin being able to process 50 pounds of cotton a day. |
| What does the term "Black Belt" mean where cotton production is concerned? | This term refers to the states that had soil that was best suited for growing cotton including: Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, & Louisiana. These states were named this due to the color of the soil. |
| How much of the world's cotton was produced by the American South by 1850? | Two - thirds of the world's cotton was produced in this region by 1850. |
| Who did the Boston Associates turn to when they needed workers for their giant looms and mills? | The Boston Associates turned to young women from farms where most New Englanders still lived. |
| What does the term "Manifest Destiny" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to the idea that the United States was "destined" by God to expand from the Atlantic to the Pacific. |
| List the names of three (3) groups that supported "Manifest Destiny" and their reasons for supporting it. | 1.) Land speculators - Wanted to extend the nation's railroads into the west; 2.) Farmers - Wanted access to cheap farm land; 3.) Protestant leaders - Wanted to ensure a Protestant United States, not a Catholic Mexico controlling the continent. |
| Why did some Americans view American expansion as "simply wrong"? (HINT: This relates to "Manifest Destiny".) | Some did not want to become Americans because they thought that it would bring an end to their cultural identity (EX: Mexicans living in California before it was annexed). |
| Explain what each side received as part of the Adams - Onis Treaty of 1819. | 1.) U.S. - Got Florida and Spanish claims to Oregon; 2.) Spain - Got U.S. recognition of the Sabine River between U.S. Louisiana and Spanish Texas. |
| What does the term "Tejanos" mean/ refer to? | This term refers to people of Spanish or Mexican descent born in Texas. |
| What does the term "empresario" mean/ refer to? | An agent who received a land grant from the Spanish or Mexican government in return for organizing settlements. |
| List three (3) core principles of the Whig party. | 1.) Opposition to Andrew Jackson; 2.) A larger federal government; 3.) The creation of a Bank of the United States. |
| How did President van Buren contribute to "Indian removal"and "Manifest Destiny" in general? | He contributed to this by continuing President Jackson's Indian Removal policies, which had been enacted to facilitate "Manifest Destiny" ideals (i.e. westward expansion). |
Created by:
Rachel.Price
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