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Mendelian Genetics

9th Grade AP Biology: Chapter 8 of Holt Biology Texas Edition

QuestionAnswer
Describe contribution of Mendel to foundation of modern genetics He carried out experiments in which he bred different varieties of the Garden Pea; was 1st to develop rules that predict patterns of heredity, these patterns formed the basis of genetics
Monohybrid cross A cross that involves one pair of contrasting traits. Ex: crossing a plant with purple flowers and a plant with white flowers is a monohybrid cross.
Three steps in which Mendel carried out his experiments See page 164
Mendelian Theory of Heredity 1.For each inherited character, person has 2 copies of the gene, 1 from each parent; 2) There R alternate versions of genes -1 fr each parent; 3) When 2 different alleles occur together, one may be completely [INCOMPLETE FLASHCARD]
Alleles There are different versions of genes, these are ALLELES. We receive an ALLELE from each parent; each ALLELLE can be passed on when we reproduce
What happens when two different alleles occur together? One may be completely expressed while the other may have no obseravle effect on the organism's appearance.
Dominant The expressed form of the character when two alleles occur together -- the one we see is the Dominant gene
Recessive The trait that is not expressed when the dominant form of the character is present
Desribe the way gametes are produced during the process of Meiosis See page 167
Meiosis incomplete
homozygous if two alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are the same, then that person is said to be homozygous for that character
heterozygous If the alleles of a particular gene present in an individual are different, the individual is heterozygous
What is the first law of hereditary? The Law of Segregation
What does the first law of hereditary state? It describes the behavior of chromosomes during meiosis. At this time, homologous chromosomes and then chromatids are separated. The first law states that THE TWO ALLELES FOR A CHARACTER SEGREGATE (separate) WHEN GAMETES ARE FORMED (see figure 4 pg 166
Created by: leila.bouhassi
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