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Vocab shite

Basics of Heredity for P.6 Aaron Biology

TermDefinition
Gene A section of DNA that provides the instructions for making proteins
Genome The entire set of genes in an organism
Alleles Different versions of the same gene
Homozygous Two of the same alleles (Ex. AA or aa)
Heterozygous Two different alleles (Ex. Aa)
Dominant If present, allele will always have that trait expressed (seen)
Recessive Allele will only have that trait expressed (seen) when the dominant allele is not present
Genotype The actual alleles inherited (Ex. genes that code for flower color such as FF, Ff, or ff)
Phenotype The physical traits/characteristics seen in an organism (Ex. purple flowers)
Punnett Square A diagram that shows the probability of inheriting traits from parents with certain genes
Monohybrid Cross A cross between two organisms looking at one trait (type of punnett square)
Principle/Law of segregation When chromosomes separate in meiosis, each gamete (egg or sperm) will receive only one chromosome from each pair
Principle/Law of independent assortment The assortment of chromosomes for one trait doesn’t affect the assortment of chromosomes for another trait
Dihybrid Cross Used when finding the possible genotypes for offspring when considering two traits at the same time.
Incomplete Dominance The heterozygous phenotype is somewhere between the two homozygous phenotypes. Meaning… neither allele is completely dominant or recessive (Ex. Red and white flowers make pink flowers)
Codominance Both traits are fully and separately expressed (Ex. Red and white flowers make red and white speckled flowers) (Ex. Blood type AB is fully A and fully B)
Polygenic Inheritence A trait produced by two or more genes (Ex. skin color, eye color, height, personality)
Sex-linked genes Genes located on the sex chromosomes. If on the X, they are ‘X-linked’. If on the Y, they are ‘Y-linked’
Purebred Also called HOMOZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs with genes that are the SAME
Hybrid Also called HETEROZYGOUS and consists of gene pairs that are DIFFERENT
Created by: jp07344
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