Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Neuro 260
Seizures
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In seizure activity the electrical activity is either | Slowed up or slowed down. |
| If the electrical activity of the brain is sped up what type of a seizure may be displayed? | Gran Mal or generalized seizure. |
| If the electrical activity of the brain is slowed down, what type of behavior might the patient display? | The patient "goes away", blank look, very slow to process information. |
| A chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. | epilepsy |
| This chronic brain disorder is called a "SEIZURE DISORDER". | epilepsy |
| When a patient has more thatn 1 unprovoked seizure without an underlying cause that is treatable, it is considered what chronic brain disorder? | epilepsy |
| A forewarning or a foreshadowing of a seizure to come. | aura |
| This is part of the seizure experience that the patient may actually remember. | aura |
| If a patient is smelling or seeing something unusual this is their warning and it is called a | aura |
| The aura may act as a _______ to the patient. | warning |
| An out of body sensation. | deja vu |
| Most people that have seizures are ____ _____ _____ ______ _____. | not aware they are going to occur |
| The rate of all seizure types appear to be highest at | the beginning and at the end of life |
| What things do we need to evaluate in the patient presenting with seizures? | History of the event and medical history, family history, social history, physical exam and lab and imaging studies. |
| What history of the event do we need to gather from the seizure patient? | Presence of any prodromal symptoms. Description of seizure from a reliable source. Post -ictal observation. |
| How does the description of the seizure from a reliable source help the doctor? | It helps the doctor to diagnose and map where the seizure occurs. |
| What medical history do we need to gather about the seizure patient? | Febrile convulsions. Head injury. Cerebrobascular or cardiovascular disease. Cancer. Substance abuse - cocaine. Infectious disease - cystisercosis. |
| Why do we ask a seizure patient about substance abuse? | Because any substance that is going to alter the bio-chemistry of the brain is potentially going to cause you to develop seizure activity. |
| A worm/parasite that comes from meat that is poorly cooked or processed. It builds a cyst (HOUSE)in brain that can caused ICP. | cystisercosis |
| Why is family history when evaluating the patient presenting with seizures important? | Epilepsy is common in siblings, history of neurologic disorders, social history. |
| What is cystisercosis treated with if it cannot be removed? | anticonvulsants |
| Patient's with Huntington's Korea, a neurologic disorder, are a _____ risks for seizures. | seizures |
| What is the drug that is used for anti-smoking or as an antidepressant. | Zyban (Wellbutrin) |
| If you have some host factors or underlying dispositions to have a seizure, you will not be prescribed what drug? | Zyban (Wellbutrin) |
| Hypocalcemia, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, and hypomagnesmia can cause what to occur? | seizures |
| How can low magnesium cause a seizure? | Magnesium is responsible for preventing vasospasms, this can cause a secondary hypoxic episode that can preclude a seizure. |
| Sodiums between ____ and _____ will cause seizures. | 110-115 |
| The mose common cause of anticonvulsant levels being elevated or too low is | noncompliance |
| How is Lasix a contributor to an elderly person presenting to the ER with a seizure? | Elderly patients with weight loss, renal or hepatic issues,disease pathology, or aging can no longer |
| The occurence of generalized tonic-clonic and partial seizures is fairly _____ throughout life. | consistent |
| When is the onset of absence and myoclonic seizures generally seen? | In childhood. |
| If infection is a suspected cause of the seizure, what might be done? | a lumbar puncture. |
| What is the nurses role in prepping the patient for an EEG? | Wash hair, avoid caffeine, don't allow the patient to sleep during the EEG and let them know that seizure activity will be provoked during the EEG. |
| An increased incidence of onset seizures is in people older than | 65 years |
| In infants, EEGs are alway abnormal. Why? | An infant has an inmature nervous system. |
| What is the most common cause of epilepsy before the age of 20? | idipathic epilepsy - can't cause a cause |
| If a patient over the age of 30 develops seizure activity there is a | underlying cause |
| The younger the baby gestationally when born, the higher the risk of a _____ ______ which can lead to a seizure. | hypoxic episode |
| Metabolic disorders are going to put a patient at a ______ risk for seizures. | higher |
| ________ is a huge cause of occurance of seizure activity in children. | Prematurity |
| How do we determine whether a person is having a seizure or is experiencing a tremor. | When holding the patient, the tremors will stop. The tremors will not stop in a seizure. |
| What are the two things that will lower your seizure threshhold and cause you to have a seizure? | Stress and fatigue. |
| What might a pre-pubescent growth spurt cause. | the onset of a seizure |
| All patient with significant head injuries are put on _______ prophylactically, and they usually stay on them for one year. | anticonvulsants |
| What is the vasovagal effect? | Decreased O2 perfusion to the brain, and hypotension. |
| The big definition of a seizure is | Consistent, repetitive, behavior. |
| What is a psychogenis pseudoseizure? | May mimic seizure and are often psychological. |
| TIA's and migraines present with _______ behavior. | consistent |
| A big loud sound or a forceul exhalation of air is a sure sound of what? | A tonic-clonic seizure. |
| What are the two phases of a tonic-clonic seizure? | Initial loss of consciousness. Tonic muscle spasms begin, followed by the clonic phase in which there are bilateral repetitive clonic movements. |
| The initial phase, short lived period of muscle rigidity due to continued muscular contractions. | Tonic Phase |
| This phase follows the tonic phase and is a period of rapid alternating muscular contraction and relaxation. | Clonic Phase |
| This type of seizure occurs primarily in children and disappears at puberty. | Absence Seizures (Petit Mal) |
| What are the characteristics of an absence seizure? | very brief episodes of loss of consciousness |
| Atypical and Typical just means that you | may or may not have motor symptoms |
| A seizure when only a single limb or appendage may be involved. | Simple partial. |
| When consciousness is impaired and the patient exhibits complex automatisms (lip smacking, aimless pacing). | Complex partial |
| What is a secondarily generalized seizure? | A partial seizure either simple to complex which may progress to a generalized seizure. |
| How can you determine whether a person is having a seizure or not? | Observe whether the seizure exhibits consistent, recurrent movement. |
| Single isolated seizures may be managed pharmacologically but usually ______ require chronic therapy. | DO NOT |
| How do we manage single isolated seizures? | We treat the underlying causes such as F & E imbalances, glucose, and fever. Repeat seizures are not expected. |
| Even though a patient comes in with hyponatremia, in addition to treating for hyponatremia, we are also going to administer _____ to prevent the reoccurence of a seizure. | AED/anticonvulsant |
| Indicators that make it favorable or unfavorable for the patient to respond to therapy. | Prognostic indicators. |
| What ages do febrile seizures commonly occur? | Between 3 months and 5 years. The most common is 12 months. |
| Most children who have febrile seizures are not likely to what? | Have repeat seizures. |
| Are febrile seizures more prominent in boys or girls? | boys |
| What might a child experiencing a febrile seizure present like? | Apnic, hypoxic, and eyes rolling. |
| What do we do to treat a febrile seizure? | Administer antipyretic and phenobarbital. Traditional cooling methods can be used if started 1 hour AFTER adminstration of antipyretics. |
| An infant will not have what type of seizure? | Tonic-Clonic (Grand Mal) |
| What is status epilepticus? | a seizure that lasts longer than 30 minutes or a series of seizures with no recovery of consciousness or behavioral functions between attacks. |
| What two types of seizures may progress to status epilepticus? | partial and generalized |
| What are the precipitating factors of status epilepticus? | Sudden withdrawal of anticonvulsants, systemic or intracranial infection, head injury (shaken baby syndrome), alcohol withdrawl, or a metabolic disorder such as renal failure or electrolyte abnormalities. |
| What medication will be given on an ambulance if a patient is suffering from status epilepticus? | Versed |
| Benzodiazapines either Lorazepam or Diazepam are the only drugs that will | stop a seizure |
| What sports should be avoided by epileptics? | scuba diving, skydiving, snorkeling, and surfing. |
| What sports are permitted as long as the person with the epileptic is aware of their diagnosis. | swimming, baseball, basketball, and golfing. |
Created by:
4th semester jjc
Popular Nursing sets