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PATHO F&E
Question | Answer |
---|---|
osmolarity | number of particles per L of solution |
albumin | protein made by liver; pulls H2O into vessels |
osmosis | movement of water |
diffusion | movement of particles |
filtration | process by which solid particles in a liquid or gaseous fluid are removed by a filter medium that permits the fluid/gas to pass thru but retains the solid particles |
active transport | process of moving molecules across a cell membrane from an area of lower conc. to higher conc. requiring the use of ATP |
natriuretic hormones | sense volume increase; signals hypothalamus to tell posterior pituitary gland to stop making ADH; causes kidneys to make more urine |
natriuresis | excretion of a large amount of both Na and H2O by the kidneys in response to excess ECF volume |
dependent edema | collection of venous blood in lower extremities |
pitting edema | occurs when pressure is applied to a small area and an indentation persists after the release of the pressure |
sequestered fluid | fluid accumulates in body cavities normally free of fluids; effusion |
effusion transudate | serous filtrate of blood |
effusion exudate | contains blood, lymph, proteins, pathogens, and inflammatory cells |
normal osmolarity | 275-295 mmol/kg |
normal albumin | 3.1-4.3 g/dL |
normal sodium | 135-145 mEq/L |
potassium | 3.5-5.2 mEq/dL |
calcium | 8.5-10.5 mg/L |
phosphate | 2.5-4.5 mg/dL |
magnesium | 1.5-2.5 mg/dL |
blood urea nitrogen | 6-24 mg/dL |
normal urine output | 400mL/24hrs or 20-30 mL/hr |