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LASOM - ROMANS
LASOM Encountering the Book of Romans, 2nd ed
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1. What is the contextualized nature of Romans? Pg 4 | Romans is a letter written by a particular person to particular people in a particular time and place. |
| 2. By the mid twentieth century what was the consensus concerning the basic message of Romans? Pgs 5-6 | 1. Romans focuses on the individual human being 2. Romans emphasizes justification by faith because Jews were teaching justification by works |
| 3. What are the two approaches to Romans presented by the author? Pg 8 | 1. The “Reformation approach,” with its focus on individual salvation and assumption of Jewish legalism. 2. The “New Perspective,” with its focus on people groups and a conventional nomistic view of Judaism. |
| 4. What makes Romans a bit different from the other letters of Paul? Pg 14 | The amount of space Paul devotes to many of these matters: 1. Description of himself 2. A reference to his audience and a greeting 3. A thanksgiving combined with a brief rehearsal of his circumstances 4. His travel plans 5. A request for prayer and a prayerful wish for peace 6. Recognition of his ministry associates 7. Greetings 8. The “holy kiss” 9. A concluding grace and doxology |
| 5. Why did Paul have to spend more time introducing himself and explaining why he is writing the church at Rome? Pg 14 | Paul did not found the Roman church, nor has he ever visited there. He has gotten to know some of the Roman Christians during his travels but many of them he has never met. |
| 6. Give a sketch of Paul’s travel plans presented to the Roman Church with scripture references. Pgs 15-17 | 1. “So from Jerusalem all the way around to Illyricum, I have fully proclaimed the gospel of Christ” (15:19) 2. Plans to engage in church planting work in Spain (15:24) 3. “I am on my way to Jerusalem in the service of the Lord’s people there (15:25) 4. Plans to stop in Rome on his way from Jerusalem to Spain (15:28) |
| 7. What three facts about the Roman Christians emerge from the opening and closing of the letter? Pg 18 | 1. “To all the in Rome who are loved by God and called to be his holy people”. This probably means that there were more than one “local church” in the city of Rome. 2. Paul views the Christians in Rome as being within the sphere of his special mandate: the gentiles 3. Paul makes clear that he is also writing to Jewish Christians |
| 8. What are the five points that furnish clues about what is to come in the letter? Pgs 22-25 | 1. Paul is “set apart for the gospel of God.” (v. 1) 2. This gospel was “promised beforehand through God’s prophets in the Holy Scriptures” (v. 2) 3. This gospel is about God’s Son. (v. 3-4) 4. A two-stage understanding of Paul’s Christological statements… the flesh-vs-Spirit contrast: “Flesh” relates to the old age and “Spirit” to the new. 5. To “call all the Gentiles to the obedience that comes from faith.” (v. 5) |
| 9. For Paul genuine Christian faith always carries with it right from the beginning the call for what? Pgs 25-26 | Obedience (Faith and obedience are two sides of the same coin.) |
| 10. What is the negative and positive of salvation as presented by the author? Pg 27 | Negative: saved from sin and death Positive: saved to restore fellowship with God |
| 11. List three points made by Paul concerning God’s truth. Pg 39 | 1. God has manifested his truth to all human beings. God has “made it plain to them” 2. The truth contained in natural revelation is limited. 3. Because natural revelation is so limited, it cannot mediate salvation to sinners. |
| 12. What four similarities are given of Jewish condemnation of the Gentiles in the Apocryphal “Wisdom of Solomon” and Romans? Pg 41 | 1. Criticizes the Gentiles for idolatry (12:24) 2. Treats idolatry as the root of many other sins (14:12) 3. Claims that the gentiles are "not… to be excused" (13:8), because they have ample evidence for God's existence and qualities in creation (13:1-5) 4. Shows that the Gentiles' rejection of knowledge of God led to all kinds of evil: (14:22-26) |
| 13. Define “diatribe.” Pg 207 (referenced on pg 47) | A literary style featuring questions and answers, which Paul uses extensively in Romans |
| 14. What two points does Paul make concerning the judgment to which Jews, like Gentiles will be subjected? Pg 48 | 1. God’s judgment is based on “the truth”, God will judge every human being in accordance with the actual facts of the case. 2. God’s judgment cannot be avoided through outward identity. |
| 15. Why will Jews be condemned even though they have the “torah”? Pgs 49-50 | God justifies doers of the law, not those who only hear it. All Jews “hear” the law. They read it, hear it read in the synagogue, and study it. But the standard by which God judges, as Paul has made clear is vs. 6-11, is works – what is actually done. |
| 16. List three items given by Paul that are legitimate reasons for the Jews to be proud. Pg 51 | God has: 1. entered into special relationship with the Jews (v. 17) 2. revealed his will to them in the law (v.18) 3. appointed Israel to be a guide to the other nations, who do not have that law (vv.19-20) |
| 17. What is the backbone of Romans 3:9-20? Pg 56 | 1. Paul places all human beings under the power of sin 2. Paul concludes that no one can be justified by obeying the law |
| 18. What three purposes does Paul accomplish in the final paragraph of the first major section of the letter to the Romans? Pg 58 | 1. Paul concludes his indictment of humanity with the chilling verdict that “Jews and Gentiles alike are all under the power of sin” (v. 9) 2. Paul illustrates his indictment from the Old Testament (vv.10-18) 3. Paul draws a conclusion from his indictment: the law cannot save (vv. 19-20) |
| 19. What does the Law accomplish? Pg 61 | “knowledge of sin” – makes us “conscious of our sin” |
| 20. “But now” signals the transition from the sobering and depressing portrait of sinful humanity to the what? Pg 66 | Celebration of the salvation available through God’s righteousness in Christ |
| 21. Explain the author’s position on God’s sovereignty and justification. Pg 68 | 1. Sovereignty: As the sovereign Creator, God is always supreme over his creation. 2. Justification: His act of justifying sinners is one that he does out of this own loving nature, giving us as a gift what we never could earn or merit. God justifies us through an act of redemption. |
| 22. Define “propitiate.” Pg 68 | To “placate” someone’s wrath |
| 23. What is the sense of “wrath” as attributed to God? Pg 69 | Wrath is not an uncontrolled emotion but the settled and necessary reaction of a holy God to sin of any kind. |
| 24. How are both Jews and Gentiles justified in the same way? Pg 70 | By faith |
| 25. What is the fundamental distinction between faith and works? Pgs 75-76 | Works, by nature create a relationship obligation. Faith, on the other hand, because it involves the humble acceptance of what God offers to give, does not create any such obligation. |
| 26. What is the specific meaning of transgression (parabasis) in Pauline literature? Pg 78 | It refers to the violation of a known law or commandment. |
| 27. What are the two groups mentioned by Paul in breaking down the categories of “offspring”? Pg 78 | 1. Those who are of the law 2. Those who have the faith of Abraham |
| 28. Explain faith versus sight in relationship to Abraham according to the author. Pg 80 | Abraham, despite some very human doubts, always came back in the end to faith in the promise of God. He therefore is an outstanding biblical example of a person who walked by faith rather than “by sight”. |
| 29. With what triad do we often summarize the message of the New Testament? Pg 84 | Faith, hope and love |
| 30. What is accomplished by God through Christ in the area of reconciliation? Pg 87 | Through Christ, God both declares us innocent of the sins we have committed and also enters into a new and intimate relationship with us. |
| 31. What is the comparison that Paul makes as he contrasts the two Adams? Pg 87-88 | 1. The first Adam brought death into the world through sin. 2. The second Adam, Jesus Christ, through his righteous act of obedience to the Father on the cross, has overcome the disastrous results of Adam’s sin. |
| 32. What is the meaning of Adam? Pg 87 | Human being |
| 33. What is the explanation of why human beings so persistently and so universally turn away from God and what is its consequence? Pg 91 | Explanation: They do it because all people were involved in Adam’s sin and are stained by its consequences. Consequences: We all die because we all sin |
| 34. What does Paul mean when he claims that we Christians have died to sin? Pg 95 | 1. Paul speaks of dying to sin (singular), not sins (plural). 2. Paul reverts quickly and repeatedly to the metaphor of freedom from slavery. Christians have been “set free from sin” and are therefore no longer “slaves to sin”. 3. Christ also is said to have “died to sin”, so the phrase must indicate an experience that could apply to him. “Death to sin” refers to release from the dominance of the power of sin. |
| 35. Death to sin refers to the release from the dominance of sin. Paul uses the imagery of death for what two reasons? Pgs 95-96 | 1. He will show that it is our union with Christ in his death that brings freedom from sin 2. Passing from life to death is a natural metaphor for a radical change in state. |
| 36. What do many Christians consider the “norm” for a Christian life? Pg 104 | Constant struggle with sin and even defeat by sin. |
| 37. Paul used the illustration of a woman being married to a man and as long as he is alive, is prevented by the law from marrying another man. However, once the husband dies, she is free from the law pertaining to marriage and adultery. How does this apply to our Christian lives? Pg 106 | We, too, have had to experience a death so that we could be free from the law and be joined to Christ. |
| 38. What is the change in status with respect to sin and the law when we come to Christ? Pg 106 | Neither has the power to dominate believers any longer. Neither determines our destiny. We are free from both, and this freedom was won through the work of Christ. |
| 39. Why did we need to be released from the law and be joined to Christ? Pg 107 | The law became the instrument that sin was able to use to produce death. The law aroused “sinful passions”. The idea, as he elaborates it elsewhere, seems to be that the coming of the law both stimulated rebellion in sinful human creatures and increased the penalty for sin. |
| 40. According to the author what are the four themes referring to the “Spirit of life”? Pg 116 | 1. Through the Spirit we enjoy new spiritual life, having been rescued from the condemnation die our sin in Adam 2. Through the Spirit we learn to live in ways pleasing to him and God 3. Through the Spirit God will raise our bodies from the dead 4. Through the Spirit we are to kill off the lifestyle of sin so that we can enjoy the life of God forever |
| 41. How is each of the persons of the Godhead involved in securing our redemption from sin? Pg 117 | God the Father sends the Son, whose work is applied to our lives by the Holy Spirit. |
| 42. What is the tension in which we as Christians live? Pg 120 | Redeemed, justified, adopted, but not yet glorified. |
| 43. What two basic points does Paul make about the glory destined for believers? Pg 121 | 1. It is the climax of God’s plan for the world and for His people 8:18-25 2. God provides the means for us to attain that glory 8:26-30 |
| 44. According to the author what are the four issues one must answer to interpret Romans 8:28? Pg 124 | 1. Who is it that is “working for the good” 2. What is the exact meaning of the translated “work” in the NIV 3. What is the “good” toward which all things are working? 4. For whom is this promise valid? |
| 45. List the seven difficulties listed by Paul that cannot separate Christians from the love of God. Pg 126 | 1. Trouble 2. Hardship 3. Persecution 4. Famine 5. Nakedness 6. Danger 7. Sword |
| 46. What is the main topic of Chapters 9-11 of Romans? Pg 130 | The integrity of God |
| 47. What are the two questions that motivate chapters 9-11 of Romans? Pg 132 | 1. Has Israel, then been abandoned? 2. Has the church replaced Israel and God reneged on his promises to Israel? |
| 48. How can the present state of the church be reconciled with God’s promise to Israel? Pg 133 | 1. Paul uses the Old Testament itself to define the promise (9:6-29) 2. Paul stresses that the people of Israel themselves are responsible for their spiritual failure (9:30-10:21) 3. Paul argues that God is continuing to manifest his grace to Israel by calling Jews to be saved (11:1-10) 4. Paul holds out hope for a grater bestowal of grace on Israel in the future (11:11-36) |
| 49. What two perspectives concerning the salvation of Jews and Gentiles has Paul allowed to stand side by side without resolving them? Pg 142 | 1. Jews and Gentiles belong to God’s people because God has chosen them. 2. Jew and Gentiles belong to God’s people because they have chosen God. |
| 50. What are the two reasons that Israel failed to achieve the goal of righteousness? Pgs 143-144 | 1. They were trying to achieve their goal through works 2. They stumbled over the stumbling stone. For those who put their trust in Christ, he becomes a foundation stone, a stone on which to build a spiritual life. Others, not recognizing who he really is, trip over him and fall. |
| 51. What does God’s grace mean to those who become His people? Pg151 | Those who become his people owe nothing to their own accomplishments or works and everything to God. |
| 52. List the five general aspects of a transformed life tackled by Paul. Pg162 | 1. How believers should relate to the body of Christ (12:3-8) 2. How we should reveal the sincerity of our love (12:19-21) 3. How we should relate to the governing authorities (13:1-7) 4. How we fulfilled the law by our love for others (13:8-10) 5. How we are to love in light of the day of the Lord (13:11-14) |
| 53. What does the term “body” refer to in Paul’s teaching? Pg 163 | Refers to the whole person in relationship to the world. It includes our thoughts, emotions, and our will. All are to be given over to God in his service. |
| 54. What does 12:2 tell us about how we can offer ourselves to God? Pg 163 | By avoiding the pattern of thinking and behaving characteristic of this world and aligning ourselves with the values of the world to come. |
| 55. When Paul uses the words “sincere love” how is that translated? Pg 166 | “not playing a part.” 1. Our love for others should not be faked or merely external. 2. It should reflect the attitude of the heart. |
| 56. What two reasons does Paul give that we should submit to governing authorities? Pg 170 | 1. God himself ordains the authorities 2. They have the right to punish people who do evil, or who do not submit |
| 57. What does it mean to “submit” to these authorities? Pg 172 | It means to recognize that a hierarchy exists and that we stand under the rulers in that hierarchy. |
| 58. What two things are implied by the names listed in Romans Chapter 16? Pg 195 | 1. The church in Rome seems to have been diverse ethnically and socially. 2. Women were prominent in the Roman church, not just as attenders but as workers as well. |
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