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AP GOV 12 AND 14

QuestionAnswer
A policy Document allocating burdens (taxes) and benefits (expenditures) Budget
An excess of federal expenditures over federal revenues. Deficit
Federal spending of revenues. Major areas of such spending are social services and the military. Expenditures
The financial resources of the federal government. The individual income tax and Social Security tax are two major sources of revenue. Revenues
Shares of individual wages and corporate revenues collected by the government. The Sixteenth Amendment explicitly authorized Congress to levy a tax on income. See also Internal Revenue Service. Income Tax
The constitutional amendment adopted in 1913 that explicitly permitted congress to levy an income tax.. meaning IRS (Internal Revenue Service) is permitted to collect the taxes. 16th Amendment
All the money borrowed by the federal government over the years and still outstanding. Today the fed debt is more than 7 TRILLION. Federal Debt
Revenue losses that result from special exemptions, exclusions, or deductions on federal tax law. Tax Expenditures
In '35 law passed during the Great Depression that was intended to provide a minimal level of sustenance to older americans and thus save them from poverty. Security expenditures were indirect/direct polices to help elderly/poor Social Security Act
A program added to the Social Security System in '65 providing hospitalization insurance for the elderly and permits older Americans to purchase inexpensive coverage for doctor fees and other health expenses. Medicare
The belief that the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget, plus a little bit more (an increment). According to Aaron Wildavsky, Most of the budget is a product of previous decisions. Incrementalism
Expenditures that are determined by a fixed amount of money appropriated by Congress but by how many eligible beneficiaries there are for a program or by previous obligations of the government. Uncontrollable Expenditures
Policies for which congress has obligated itself to pay X level of benefits of Y number of recipients. Social Security benefits are an example. Entitlements
The House of Representatives committee that, along with the Senate Finance Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of congress as a whole. House Ways and Means Committee
The Senate committee that, along with the House Ways and Means Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole. Senate Finance Committee
An act designed to reform the congressional budgetary process. its supporters hoped that it would also make Congress less dependent on the presidents budget and better able to set and meet its own budgetary goals. Congressional Budget and Impoundment Act of '74
Advises Congress on the probable consequences of its decisions, forecasts revenues, and is a counterweight to the presidents OMB. Congressional Budget Office (CBO)
A resolution binding congress to a total expenditure level, supposedly the bottom line of all federal spending for all programs. Budget Resolution
A congressional process through which program authorizations are revised to achieve required savings. It usually also includes tax or other revenue adjustments. Reconciliation
An act of congress that establishes, continues, or changes a discretionary government program or an entitlement. it specifies program goals and maximum expenditures of discretionary programs. Authorization Bill
An act of congress that actually funds programs within limits established by authorization bills. Appropriations usually cover one year. Appropriations Bill
When Congress cannot reach agreement and pass appropriations bills, these resolutions allow agencies to spend at the level of the previous year. Continuing Resolutions
Created by: abigail.soble
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