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2514 Unit 7 Neuro...
Unit 7 Neuro, MSK
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| This drug a cholinesterase inhibitor provides symptom relief for Myasthenia Gravis | Neostigmine (Prostigimin) |
| How does a cholinesterase inhibitor work on Myasthenia Gravis | Prevents degradation of acetylcholine by cholinesterase increases amount of acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junctions. |
| Define a cholinergic crisis? | Increased levels of acetylcholine at the neurotransmitters will increase muscle weakness, abdominal cramps, increase salivation, diarrhea, lacrimation and blurry vision, bronchial constriction |
| What causes a myasthenic crisis? | Not enough medication or stress to the body or mind. Reduced acetylcholine shows as extreme muscle weakness and eventually respiratory failure |
| What is Tensilon? | An Acetylcholinesterase/cholinesterase inhibitor. It prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine. |
| What is Atropine? | An anticholinergic/muscarinic antagonist or anti parasympathetic drug. Blocks the effects of acetylcholine at the cholinergic receptors level and removes from body. |
| What is the MOA for Levodopa? | A CNS agent that converts to Dopamine in the brain. |
| What is Carbidopa? | A decarboxylase Inhibitor. Works by preventing levodopa being broken down before it reaches the brain allowing for a lower dose of levodopa. Reduces side effects of Levodopa. |
| Adverse effects of Levodopa/Carbidopa include? | N & V, Dyskinesia's, Postural HTN, Psychosis, CNS effects and darken sweat and urine |
| What is the on/off phenomenon in Parkinson's Disease? | On' time is when levodopa is working well and your symptoms are controlled. 'Off' time is when levodopa is no longer working well and symptoms such as tremor, rigidity and slow movement re-emerge. |
| What is wearing off phenomenon? | Wearing-off is a complication that can occur after a few years of using levodopa to treat Parkinson's. During wearing-off, symptoms of Parkinson's start to return or worsen before the next dose of levodopa is due, and improve when the next dose is taken. |
| Which dopamine agonist is used in early stages of Parkinson's Disease? | Pramipexole (Mirapex) |
| What type of diet is best recommended for patients taking Carbidopa/Levodopa? | Low protein since levodopa is absorbed in the gut and amino acids can increase the competition for absorption. |
| List the side effects of Pramipexole that may be potentially harmful? | Drowsiness or sleep attacks |
| What is the action of a MAOB inhibitor like Selegiline (Deprenyl) | MAO-B inhibitors block the oxidation of dopamine in the synapse making cells make better use of endogenous dopamine. |
| Which symptoms of Parkinsons Disease will be seen to improve with the administration of Selegiline? | Improved motor function, reduce wearing off effect when used with levodopa. |
| Why are anticholinergics used sometimes for patients with Parkinson's Disease? | increased acetylcholine because of reduced Dopamine which can cause increase of cholinergic or parasympathetic NS symptoms |
| What is the MOA of immunomodulators such as Betaseron? | Block the activity of cytokines that promote autoimmune reactions and the inflammatory process. In MS these reduce the inflammatory process and suppress the immune system causing reduced relapses of MS and delaying the progression. |
| What is pancytopenia? | When bone marrow function is suppressed with drugs such as immunomodulators it decreases the production of blood cells. When WBC, RBS and platelets are all affected it is call pancytopenia |
| How does the immunosuppressant Mitoxantron(Novantorne) work in improving symptoms of MS? | Binds with DNA and inhibits DNA and RNA synthesis preventing cells to replicate. Will suppress production of immune system and decrease immune system destruction of myelin. |
| List the side effects of Mitoxantron? | Myelosupression - pancyotpenia, Cytotoxic. High risk of infection and bleeding, cardiotoxic, teratogenic, death of rapidly dividing cells such as hair, skin, GI tract. |
| Prednisone is corticosteroid used in autoimmune disorders by mimicking cortisol a hormone produced by the adrenal glands, What does increased cortisol do in the body? | Reduces inflammation and immune responses, increases blood sugar, increases blood pressure. |
| Impaired CHO and glucose tolerance and predisposition to GI ulceration. Which medication could possibly be responsible for these complications? | Predinsone or glucocorticoid therapy. |
| Methotrexate (Rheumatrex) and Infliximab (Remicade) are classified as a DMARD). What is this? | Disease Modifying Antirheumatic Drug (DMARD) |
| What is the MOA of a DMARD? | inhibits DNA synthesis and cell reproduction by interfering with folic acid metabolism.. Also suppress T and B lymphocytes activity causing immunosuppression. REduces the damage to joints by immune system in RA |
| What cells will be affected at the onset of taking a DMARD? | Rapidly dividing cells such as hair, nails, GI mucosa and reproductive cells will be killed. |
| What is the MOA of Infliximab (Remicade)? | Neutralizes TNF (protein that signals and co-ordinates the inflammatory process) thereby suppressing inflammation. This decreases pain, swelling and rate of joint destruction. |
| How does Allpurinol (zyloprim) reduce the symptoms of Gout? | Inhibits xanthine oxidase an enzyme required for uric acid formation. Inhibition reduces production of uric acid and subsequesntly crystals in the body. |
| What will be the contraindication to using Allpurinol? | Kidney dysfunction |
Created by:
Shamilla
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