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17 Chemical Equi.

Chemical Kinetics and Le Chatelier's Principle

QuestionAnswer
The manufacture of Ammonia is known as: The Haber process
What is dynamic equilibrium? a state of dynamic balance where the rate of the forward reaction is equal to the rate of the reverse reaction
What is "Le Chateliers Principle"? If a system in equilibrium is subjected to a stress (a change in pressure, temperature or concentration) then the system alters so as to absorb, minimize or oppose that stress applied
How does a change in pressure influence the chemical equilibrium? Pressure only applies to gaseous reactions & an increase in pressure favors the side with the least number of moles. A decrease in pressure favors the side with the most number of moles
How does a change in concentration influence chemical equilibrium? An increase in concentration on one side drives the equation to the other side. A decrease in concentration from one side pulls the equilibrium to that side.
How does a change in temperature influence chemical equilibrium? An increase in temperature favours the Endothermic side while a decrease in temperature favours the Exothermic side.
How does the addition of a catalyst influence chemical equilibrium? Adding a catalyst has no effect on the chemcial equilibrium, it simply allows the reaction to reach dynamic equilibrium quicker.
What temperatures and pressure conditions are used in the production of Ammonia in the Haber Process? How does this vary from le Chateliers predictions? 200atm of pressure and a temperature of 500 Celsius. Le Chatelier predicts high pressure and low temp. However high pressure is too expensive and low temp is too slow.
What is the name of the industrial production of Sulphuric Acid? The Contact Process
What catalyst is used in the production of Sulphuric Acid? Vanadium Pentoxide
What pressure and temperature conditions are used in the production of Sulphuric Acid? How does this differ from le Chateliers principle? A pressure slightly above 1 atm pressure and a temperature of 500 Celsius is used. Le Chatelier's predicts high pressure and low temp however high pressure is too expensive and low temp is too slow.
What are the units of Kc, the equilibrium constant expression? It has no units. A number below 1 indicates that the equation has not moved far to the right and made much product. The higher the value of Kc the better for production.
What is the symbol for an exothermic reaction? delta H-
What is the symbol for an endothermic reaction? delta H+
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