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Chapter 1 ReviewBook
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mercantilism | economic theory that a nation's power comes from its wealth. Lead to "mother" countries trying to control trade in their colonies. |
| Iroquois Confederacy | confederation made up of 5 Iroquois Tribes. |
| Transatlantic slave trade | Journey of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic. Also called the Middle Passage. Was a part of the Triangular Trade. |
| Jamestown | The first permanent English colony in the American colonies |
| King Philip's War | alliance of Native America tribes attacked the English in response to their loss of lands and dependence on the British. Result: most Native Americans are in Southern New England are killed. Those that survive are sold into slavery. |
| Columbian Exchange | The Global Exchange of goods and ideas between Europe, Africa, and the Americas after Columbus made his first voyage in 1492 |
| Indentured Servants | people who worked in the colonies for 3-7 years in exchange for passage to the New World, food, housing. Developed because there was a labor shortage in the colonies. |
| New England Colonies | Colonies of the Northeast (Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, etc.). Good natural harbors led to shipbuilding industries, lumbering, fur trade, fishing and trade to develop. |
| Middle Colonies | New York, Pennsylvania, NJ, Delaware. Fertile soil, natural harbors. Most diverse of colonies in terms of religion and nationality. Economy - wheat, corn, fur trade, industry |
| Southern Colonies | long growing seasons, plantation style agriculture that first used indentured servants but shifts to large scale slavery for cash crops. |
| Plantation System | a system of large-scale agriculture based on the cultivation of crops |
| Labor intensive crop | a crop that requires a large number of people to plant, tend and harvest. |
| Race-based slavery | a system of slavery based on a specific race of people. In US History - African slavery |
| Middle Passage | transportation by force of Africans to the Americas to be sold as enslaved people. |
| Natural Rights | rights all people are entitled to from birth |
| Social Contract | idea promoted by John Locke that people give up some of their freedoms in order to establish a government |
| Separation of Powers | idea that gives separate powers of making, enforcing, and interpreting laws to separate branches of government |
| Mayflower Compact | Pilgrims wrote and signed this document consenting to be governed by majority rule, make their own laws and elect their own leaders (only adult males could participate in politics). Influences colonial self-government |
| Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | Was an early model of a Constitution for Connecticut. Influences colonial self-government |
| Maryland Toleration Act of 1649 | First step toward religious freedom in the colonies - applied only to Christian denominations. |
| Virginia House of Burgesses | The first legislature of the colonies. Influences colonial self-government. |
| John Locke | Enlightenment philosopher who believed people are born with natural rights to life, liberty and property. |
| Baron de Montesquieu | Enlightenment philosopher who promoted the idea of separation of powers and checks and balances. Influenced the Constitution |
| John Peter Zenger | printer and journalist. Was tried for libel for criticizing the New York governor in his paper. Found not guilty by a jury because he had printed the truth. Early step in colonies of freedom of press |
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