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6.4 Periodic Trends

TermDefinition
covalent radius one-half the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond
effective nuclear charge the positive charge that an electron experiences from the nucleus, equal to the nuclear charge but reduced by any shielding or screening from any intervening electron distribution
atomic radius trend increases down a group, decreases across a period
ionic radius Distance from the center of an ion's nucleus to its outermost electron
cation A positively charged ion
anion A negatively charged ion
ionic radius trend decreases across a period and increases down a group
first ionization energy the energy required to remove the first electron from an atom
endothermic Absorbs heat
ionization energy trend decreases from top to bottom in a group; increases from left to right in a period
electronegativity A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons
polar covalent unequal sharing of electrons
electron affinity the energy change that occurs when an electron is acquired by a neutral atom
electronegativity trend decreases from top to bottom in a group; increases from left to right in a period
principal quantum number symbolized by n, indicates the main energy level occupied by the electron
Created by: Sara_Kellogg21
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