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ASNT RAD SAFETY HB
ASNT RAD SAFETY HAROLD BENNETT
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| 1 Radiation Absorbed Dose (RAD) is measured in | Tissue |
| 2 The acronym RAD Means | Radiation Absorbed Dose |
| 4 The symbol R means | Roentgen |
| 5 The symbol mR means | milliRoentgen (lower case m stands for milli or thousandth) |
| 6 One Roentgen or 1R is equal to | 1000 milliroentgens |
| 7 The term REM stands for | Roentgen Equivalent Man |
| 8 What two terms have the same relationship? | Quality Factor (QF) & Relative Biological Effectiveness (RBE) |
| 9 The Quality Factor for x-rays and gamma rays is essentially | 1 |
| 10 The Quality Factor for Alpha Particles is essentially | 20 |
| 11 Specific activity of Radioactive Material is measured in | Curies per gram or per ounce or gram |
| 12 Decay of a radioactive material is influenced primarily by its | Half Life (the longer the half-life the longer it will take to decay to one half) |
| 13 Becquerel’s and Curies are units of measurement of | Decay Rate |
| 14 Becquerel and Curies are units of measurement of | Activity |
| 15 A state in which atoms have excess energy and are unstable is known as | Radioactive |
| 16 An elementary particle with a unit negative electrical charge and a mass approximately equal to 1/1840th that of a proton | Electrons |
| 17 A positively charged elementary particle with a mass approximately equal to 1840 times that of an electron or 1 A.M.U.is known as | Protons |
| 18 Uncharged elementary particles with a mass nearly equal to that of a proton are known as | Neutrons |
| 19 The area known as the center of an atom is called the | Nucleus |
| 20 Any source that disrupts the electrical balance of an atom and results in the production of ions is known as | Ionization |
| 21 Any byproduct material that is encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the byproduct material is known as a | Sealed Source |
| 22 A tube through which the radioactive source travels when inside a radiographic exposure device is called | S-Tube |
| 23 Survey meters must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed | 6 months and / or after instrument servicing except for battery changes |
| 24 A survey meter must be capable of measuring a range of | 2 mR to 1000 mR/Hr |
| 25 An analog survey meter must be calibrated on each scale at two points approximately | At 33% and 66% of the scales potential |
| 26 The process that results in the removal of orbital electrons from atoms resulting in the formation of ion pairs is called | Ionization |
| 27 The fact that gasses bombarded by ionizing radiation become conductors of electrical current make them useful in | Detection Equipment |
| 28 Radiation detection instruments measure exposure to radiation based on the principal that | Ionizing gasses conduct electrical current in proportion to the amount of radiation |
| 29 Radiation detection instruments measure exposure to radiation energies based on the principal called | Ionization |
| 30 A dosimeter must be capable of reading a range of | 0-200 mR |
| 31 Pocket Ion chambers must at a minimum be capable of reading | 200 mR |
| 32 An exposure rate is measured by a | Survey meter |
| 33 A survey meter reads radiation levels as | An exposure rate |
| 34 What dosimeters are least affected by moisture? | TLDS |
| 35 Full deflection of a survey meter while on battery check means? | Meter may or may not be working properly |
| 36 Dosimeters must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed | Annually |
| 37 Rate alarms must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed | Yearly |
| 38 A TLD measures what? | Dose |
| 39 A Film badge / TLD records what? | Total dose history |
| 40 When performing radiography in a permanent radiographic installation the technician is not required to | Wear a rate alarm |
| 41 A direct reading ionization chamber (i.e. dosimeter) has the advantage of providing | An immediate dose history since last charged |
| 42 A direct reading dosimeter (i.e. a pocket ionization chamber) has a disadvantage of | Cannot provide total dose history |
| 43 A radiographer reads 7.5 on the 10x scale of his survey meter what is the current dose rate at his position? | 75 mR/Hr |
| 44 A radiographer’s survey meter is showing 0 near an exposed source he can safely assume | The meter is an in-operable state the radiographer should retreat from the source until and operational meter has replaced the suspect meter. |
| Source Characteristics | Half-life information will be provided on your test. |
| 45 The half-life of an Ir 192 source is | 74.3 days |
| 46 The half-life of Co 60 is | 5.3 years |
| 47 The half-life of Selenium 75 is | 120 days |
| 48 After 6 half-lives what is the percentage of a sources original value? | 1.60% |
| 49 After 6 half value layers what percentage of radiation are you receiving? | 1.60% |
| 50 What is the percentage of radioactive material remaining after 6 half-lives? | 1.60% |
| 51 The use of 4 half value layers will reduce the exposure by a factor of? | 16 times |
| 52 Assuming a source has a half-life of 20 years how old would the source be in 4 half-lives? | 80 years |
| 53 If you have 80 mR/Hr at the surface of the exposure device what would the reading be after 2 half-lives? | 20 mR |
| 54 How many curies of Ir 192 would you have after 148 days? | 25% |
| 55 You have 98 curies of Ir 192 after 148 days how many curies would you have? | 24.5 curies |
| 56 A source of Ir192 has undergone 3 half-lives by what factor has that source been reduced? | 8 |
| 57 After 2 half-lives which of the following characteristics remains unchanged? | Source size |
| 58 A Sealed source emits what? | Gamma rays |
| 59 A Cobalt source has decayed from its original activity 3 half-lives originally it was 88 curies it’s current activity is | 11 curies |
| 60 Your Cobalt source of 73 curies is exposed for a full 60 minutes. Assume a 14.0 R per curie factor shooting through a 3-half value collimator where would your restricted area be on the cold side of the collimator? | 253 feet |
| 61 The ball on a source assembly that prevents the source from exiting through the back of the camera is called | Stop ball |
| 62 Emission of gamma rays alpha rays and beta rays is considered what? | Characteristics of source decay |
| 63 To penetrate a thicker or more dense material you would need | A source with more energy (shorter wavelength) |
| 64 A wavelength will penetrate thicker or denser material | Shorter |
| 65 An Isotope may be | A stable atom AND An unstable atom AND Radioactive |
| 66 An elements weight is the | A number |
| 67 An element is identified by the number of in its nucleus. | Protons |
| 68 The first indication of a localized personal radiation over exposure is | Reddening of the skin |
| 69 Gamma radiation has a shorter wavelength than visible light therefore making it | More penetrating |
| 70 The restricted area is located at | 2 mR/HR |
| 71 The radiation area is located at | 5 mR/HR |
| 72 A radiation area is defined as “an area accessible to individuals in which they could receive | 5 mR per hour |
| 73 A high radiation area is defined as “an area accessible to individuals in which they could receive | 100 mR per hour |
| 74 A very high radiation area is defined as “an area accessible to individuals in which they could receive | 500 R per hour |
| 75 A member of the public or un-monitored individual is allowed to receive up to but not to exceed | 2 mR in any one hour or 100 mR/ Year |
| 76 When performing radiography in the field regulations require the radiographer to post | The high radiation area and the radiation area |
| 77 When performing radiography 10 CFR part 20 requires that | A boundary be posted for the radiation area AND A boundary be posed for the high radiation area |
| 78 When performing radiography 10 CFR part 20 requires that | A boundary be posted where an individual may receive no more than 5 mR/ hour AND A boundary be posted where an individual may receive no more than 100 mR/hour |
| 79 A restricted area is defined as | An area which access is restricted for controlling radiation exposure. |
| 80 While performing radiographic operations the radiographer is required to post boundaries to prevent individuals from receiving an exposure which could lead them to receive a dose of more than 2 mR in any one hour or 100 mR in one year. The boundary wo | 2 mR/hour |
| 81 A high radiation area must be posted at | 100 mR/Hr |
| 82 A very high radiation area is | 500 R/Hr |
| 83 A restricted area is defined as | An area to which is limited by the licensee for protecting individuals against undue risks from exposure to radiation. |
| 84 An un-restricted area is defined as | An area access to which is neither limited nor controlled by the licensee |
| 85 A Radiographer and assistant are standing in a 2 mR/Hr field what would their total dose be after 4 hours? (Remember Dose is in Rems (Body)and Dose Rate is in Roentgens (measured in air) | 8.0 mRem |
| 86 You have 24 exposures to make your shot time is 5 minutes per exposure and you’re showing 30 mR/ Hr what will be your total dose at the end of the shift? | 60 mRem |
| 87 A Radiographer is receiving 100 mR/Hr at the crank assembly; the crank assembly is 25’ in length.What distance would the “Radiation Area” be delineated? | 111.8 feet |
| 88 A Radiographer is receiving 100 mR/Hr at the crank assembly; the crank assembly is 25’ in length. How long will it take for the Radiographer to receive a total dose of 50 mRem? | 30 minutes |
| 89 An assistant can receive up to a maximum of | 5 REM per year |
| 90 A non-declared pregnant Radiographer or assistant my receive no more than | 5 R per year |
| 91 A declared pregnant Radiographer or assistant may receive no more than during their entire pregnancy. | 500 mRem |
| 92 The un-born fetus may receive no more than during their entire pregnancy. | 500 mRem |
| 93 Your cobalt source of 61 curies is exposed for one single 30-minute exposure. This is the only exposure you will make that day. Assume a 14 R per curie factor shooting through a 3-half value collimator standing at 100 feet what will your total exposure | 5.3 mRem |
| 94 Your cobalt source of 56 curies is exposed for a full 60 minutes. Assume a 14.0 R per curie factor shooting through a 3-half value collimator what would your dose rate be at 225 feet? | 2 mR/Hr |
| 95 The definition of ALARA is | As low as reasonably achievable |
| 96 Assuming you have 88 curies of IR 192 where would you place your high radiation boundary? Assume a R factor of 5.2 R | 68 feet |
| 97 Assuming you have 88 curies of IR 192 you have a reading of 76 mR/Hr standing 100 feet away what would the exposure rate be standing 200 feet away? | 19 mR/h |
| 98 Assuming you have 54 curies of cobalt 60 you have a reading of 140 mR/Hr standing 80 feet away what would your exposure rate be at 40 feet? | 560 mR/h |
| 99 A monitored person may receive up to 5000 mR per year. What would be considered an excessive amount of radiation exposure to that individual? | Any unnecessary exposure to radiation is excessive |
| 100 What material would be considered the best shielding? | Lead |
| 101 What material would be considered the best shielding? | Material with a high atomic density |
| 102 Which is the best protection against radiation over exposure? | Time AND Distance AND Shielding |
| 103 The primary form of shielding provided by modern exposure devices is | DU |
| 104 The Pig is composed of | Depleted Uranium |
| 105 Pb is the chemical symbol for Lead 0.19” of lead will reduce the exposure of Ir 192 to one half its original intensity this is known as the | Half value layer of lead for the energies associated with Ir 192 |
| 106 Assuming that 0.19” of lead is one half value layer how many half value layers would you have with a sheet of lead .57” in thickness? | 3 HVL |
| 107 Assuming 0.19” of lead is one half value layer and you have a total of 3 HVLs of lead between you and 100 mR/h what would your exposure rate be? | 12.5 mR per hour |
| 108 Assuming 0.61" of steel equals one half value layer for Ir 192. How many HVLs would you have with 2” of steel? | 3.28 HVLs |
| 109 Assuming you have 5 HVL’s of steel you are using 100 curies of Ir 192 where would you place your radiation area’s boundary? Assume a R factor of 5.2R | 57 feet |
| 110 Assuming 0.19” of lead is one half value layer a piece of lead 0.38” thick would reduce the exposure rate by | 75% |
| 111 Assuming 0.19” of lead is one half value layer how much lead would you need to reduce an exposure rate of 100 mR per hour to 25 mR per hour? | 3/8” |
| 112 What is the maximum curie strength of a cobalt 60 source in a type A exposure device? 10.8 Cl | l |
| 113 What is the maximum curie strength of an Iridium 192 source in a type A exposure device? | 27.0 Cl |
| 114 What regulations cover transportation of a source? | DOT |
| 115 When transporting a source it must | Be secured in the vehicle AND Not carried in the drivers compartment AND Be less than 2 mR/h at the exterior of the vehicle |
| 116 A source is being transported with a surface reading of 25 mR/h and 3 mR/h at 1 meter which transport label must be used? | Yellow III |
| 117 What is the maximum source strength IR 192 that may be transported in a type A container? | 27 curies |
| 119 White I transport label has a maximum transport index of | There is no Transport Index with a White I |
| 120 A Yellow II transport label has a maximum transport index of | 1 |
| 121 A yellow III transport label has a maximum transport index of | 10 |
| 122 A yellow II label has a transport index maximum of | 1 |
| 123 A shipping container is surveyed and found to be 3 mR/h at 1 meter what label would be required? | Yellow III |
| 124 What is the minimum distance another sign or advertisement can be placed near a radioactive placard? | 3” |
| 125 What is the maximum source strength that can be transported in a type B container? | Unlimited as long as the surface dose rate does not exceed 200 mR/h |
| 126 What is the maximum surface reading for a yellow II labeled container? | 50 mR/h |
| 127 What is the maximum surface reading for a yellow III labeled shipping container? | 200 mR/h |
| 128 According to the DOT a shipping container marked as a yellow II cannot exceed | Surface reading of 50 mR/h or less and a transport index maximum of 1 |
| 129 Which government agency is responsible for transportation of radioactive materials? | DOT |
| 130 What is the maximum surface reading for a source changer? | 200 mR/Hr |
| 131 Exposure devices must be inspected every | Day Prior to use |
| 132 You have a source of IR 192 with 50 curies. The surface reading is 50 mR per hour what would the surface reading be after 150 days? | 12.5 mR/Hr |
| 133 Your survey meter(s) have become in-operable You must | Follow company operating and emergency procedures |
| 134 Your dosimeter has been discharged beyond its useful range You must | Follow company operating and emergency procedures |
| 135 Your dosimeter is off scale you must | Follow company operating and emergency procedures |
| 136 According to the NRC who is approved to change out a source? | A trained and authorized person listed on the licensee |
| 137 Your source has become disconnected you must | Follow your companies operating and emergency procedures |
| 138 Utilization logs must be kept for | 3 years |
| 139 A utilization log must include at a minimum | Make model and serial number of the exposure device AND Radiographers identity and signature AND Date(s) of use and location of use |
| 140 Exposure devices must be kept under constant surveillance this can be delegated to | The assistant radiographer |
| 141 Exposure devices physical security must be maintained at all times constant surveillance can be maintained by | The assistant radiographer |
| 142 A source of IR 192 has hung up in the guide tube. The radiographer should | Follow his companies operating and emergency procedures |
| 143 The proper procedure for surveying the exposure device after an exposure has been made | Observe the survey meter as the source is returned to the shielded position survey the exposure devices circumference including the guide tube lock the camera |
| 144 During the work day your survey meter becomes unusable you must | Follow your companies operating and emergency procedures |
| 145 Written emergency procedures are in place to handle | Abnormal events in handling and transporting radioactive material |
| 146 What documentation is required to conduct radiography in another state? | Reciprocity – State regulations & radioactive license |
| 147 Permanent radiographic facilities also known as shooting rooms must be inspected at regular intervals to assure that all alarm systems are functioning and operable this is done | Daily |
| 148 While conducting field radiography you must have in attendance a minimum of | Two qualified people |
| 149 A state that has not taken responsibility for the control of radiation within its borders in known as a | Non-agreement State |
| 150 Licensees must report to the NRC lost stolen or missing material when ? | Immediately |
| 151 Licensees must report to the NRC an exposure of more than 5 Rem within | Within 24 hours |
| 152 Licensees must report to the NRC an exposure of more than 25 Rem within | Immediately |
| 153 Personnel radiation exposure records are maintained (kept) for a minimum of | For the life of the company or until the authorizing agency approves disposal. |
| 154 Sources must be physically inventoried how often? | Quarterly |
| 155 Maintenance must be performed on exposure devices at intervals not to exceed | 3 months |
| 157 Leak test records must be kept for | 3 years |
| 158 Calibration records of survey instruments must be kept for how many years | 3 |
| 159 When high speed electrons strike a hard surface (target) which is the result? | Bremsstrahlung AND Produces X-radiation AND Produces heat |
| 160 The Bremsstrahlung effect means “braking” what does it produce? | Generates X-rays |
| 161 The filament in an X-ray tube is energized by electrical current the difference in electrical potential draws the free electrons to the (_______?______) as they strike at such a high speed (the speed of light) X-rays are produced by the Bremsstrahlung | Target |
| 162 High speed electrons striking a target produces primarily what? | Heat |
| 163 X-ray machines work on the principle of Bremsstrahlung or “braking” what components are required to produce this effect? | Source of electrons AND Target AND Energy |
| 164 X-ray machines are required to have two visible indicators showing the unit is in operation which two indicators are most commonly used? | Visible light & amp meter |
| 164 A control panel in an x-ray system must have clearly visible the following statement | Caution X-rays produced when energized |
| 165 What components are required to produce X-rays? | A power source – free electrons and a target |
| 166 Intensity of an x-ray tube is controlled by the on the control panel. | Amperage rheostat |
| 167 Electrons are produced by which component of an x-ray tube? | Filament |
| 168 Applied voltage in an x-ray tube has a direct bearing on producing | Penetration |
| 169 Applied amperage across the filament in an x-ray tube has a direct bearing on producing | More or less radiation |
| 170 An x-ray cabinet must comply with unrestricted area requirements. The maximum amount of radiation emitted from an x-ray cabinet which excludes personnel shall not exceed | 0.5 mR/Hr @ 5 cm |
| 171 X-ray systems are required to have two indicators indicating when x-rays are produced one of which may be the milliampere meter and the other a red light this light must be labeled | X-ray on |
| 172 X-ray systems must have a minimum of visible indicators indicating when x-rays are being produced. | 2 |
| 173 When is an x-ray tube radioactive? : | Never |
| 174 What is a sure way to know that the x-ray machine is off and approachable after an exposure? | survey the x-ray machine with a survey meter |
| 175 At the completion of an x-ray exposure and turning the system to stand-by | You may approach the tube head immediately without fear of exposure |
| 176 Typically the exposures duration is controlled by | Automatically via an integrated timer |
| 177 You must notify the NRC in writing within days after a failed leak test has been determined. | 5 days |
| 178 The maximum allowable leakage for a leak test is | 0.005 microcuries |
| 179 A source must be leak tested every | 6 months |
| 180 An exposure device containing DU must be leak tested every | Annually |
| 181 A source is received by the licensee; it must be accompanied by a certificate showing that it has been leak tested within the last months. | 6 months |
| 182 An exposure device using depleted uranium as shielding must be leak tested every 12 months. The maximum amount of removable material found shall not exceed | 0.005 microcuries |
| 183 A radiographer is the individual responsible for the safe operations during radiography. | TRUE |
| 184 An assistant radiographer assists the radiographer in maintaining security of the source during radiographic operations. | TRUE |
| 185 A survey meter measures current dose rate and must be used during all radiographic operations. | TRUE |
| 186 A survey meter must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed 6 months. | TRUE |
| 187 It is never permissible to work without a calibrated survey meter. | TRUE |
| 188 A film badge or TLD must be worn during all radiographic operations. | TRUE |
| 189 A dosimeter must be worn during all radiographic operations. | TRUE |
| 190 A rate alarm must be worn during all radiographic operations. | TRUE |
| 191 It is never permissible to work without a rate alarm if you are the assistant. | TRUE |
| 192 The symbol R stands for roentgen. | TRUE |
| 193 The symbol mR stands for milliroentgen. | TRUE |
| 194 One roentgen or 1 R is equal to | 1000 milliRoentgens |
| 195 Radioactive material that is encased in a capsule designed to prevent leakage or escape of the material is known as a? | Sealed source |
| 196 A tube through which the radioactive source travels when outside a radiographic exposure device or camera is known as the | Guide tube |
| 198 Survey meters must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed | 6 months and/or after instrument servicing except for battery changes |
| 199 The fact that gasses when bombarded by ionizing radiation become conductors of electrical current make them useful in | Radiation detection equipment |
| 200 Radiation detection instruments measure exposure to radiating energies based on the principal called | Ionization |
| 201 The rate of radiation exposure is measured by the? | Survey meter |
| 202 Dosimeters must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed | Yearly |
| 203 Rate alarms must be calibrated at intervals not to exceed | Yearly |
| 204 A radiographer reads 100 on the 10X scale of his survey meter what is the current dose rate at his position? | 1 R/h |
| 206 The sealed sources used in industrial x-ray emit what type of radiation? | Gamma rays |
| 207 The ball on a source assembly that prevents the source from exiting through the back of the camera is called | Stop ball |
| 208 A high radiation area is defined as “an area accessible to individuals in which they could receive a dose in excess of ? | 100 mR per hour |
| 209 When performing radiography in the field regulations require the radiographer to post not only the radiation area but also the | The high radiation area |
| 210 As you approach the camera after the exposure has ended you should | Observe the survey meter as you approach |
| 211 Once you reach the camera after the exposure has ended you should | Survey the cameras circumference and the guide tube to insure the source is secured |
| 212 The person(s) with authority to authorize an assistant radiographer to operate the camera on the jobsite is | The radiographer |
| 213 When a radiographer becomes incapacitated it is ok for the assistant radiographer to return the source to the shielded position. : | TRUE |
| 214 It is ok for the radiographer to be conducting radiography while the assistant is in the darkroom processing film. : | FALSE |
| 215 Small amounts of exposure to x-rays or gamma rays will | Have a cumulative effect which must be considered when monitoring for maximum permissible exposure |
| 216 An acute exposure to radiation would have the greatest effect or be most harmful to which of the following body parts? | Trunk of the body |
| 217 Which of the following would be considered fatal if the exposure or dose were to the body in a very short period? | 400R (4 SV) to 800R (8 SV) |
| 218 X-rays and gamma rays damage human body tissue by a process known as | Ionization |
| 219 The basic difference between x-rays and gamma rays is | its orgin Their origin |
| 220 The most penetrating radiation from radioisotopes is | Gamma rays |
| 221 The annual TEDE limit for the radiation worker must be limited to a dose of | 5 REMS (.05 SV) per calendar year |
| 222 The standard dose rate or emissivity of a radioisotope is expressed in | Roentgens (SV) per hour per curie (GBQ) at a distance of one (1) foot from the source |
| 223 Before any radiographic testing can be started or performed there must be radiation detection devices present. They must be calibrated operable and used during operations They are | Survey meter rate alarm pocket dosimeter and personnel dosimeter |
| 224 “ALARA” means radiation exposure “as low as reasonably achievable”. | TRUE |
| 225 A self-reading pocket dosimeter alarm rate meter and film badge/ TLD shall be worn by radiographic personnel | At all times during radiographic operations |
| 226 Film badges / TLDS’ worn by radiographic personnel shall be processed | At least once a month |
| 227 The film badge operates on the principle that exposes the film. | Ionizing radiation |
| 228 The pocket dosimeter has the advantage of | Providing an immediate indication of radiation exposure |
| 229 An off-scale pocket dosimeter reading requires immediate action. What must be that actions be? | Stop working immediately and contact the RSO follow companies operating and emergency procedures |
| 230 The quantity of radioactive material also known as its specific activity is measured in? | Curies per gram |
| 231 The inverse square law as applied to protection from radiation states that | Radiation intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance |
| 232 The three (3) basic means of providing personnel protection from radiation are | Time distance and shielding |
| 233 The thickness of a material which stops one-half of the radiation penetrating it is called | Half value layer |
| 234 Which of the following provides the best protection from external radiation? | Time distance and shielding |
| 235 What is the permissible radiation level at the perimeter of a “restricted area”? | No more than 2 mR (.02 MSV) in any one (1) hour |
| 236 What is the permissible radiation level at the perimeter of a “radiation area”? | No more than 5 mR (.05 MSV) in any one (1) hour |
| 237 In practice which of the following area(s) are normally barricaded with a rope or tape barrier or cones and the appropriate warning signs? | The restricted area perimeter AND The high radiation area perimeter |
| 238 At the boundary of an area that exceeds 100 mR/HR (1 MSV/HR) posting with signs is necessary. Which of the following must be used? | “Caution – High Radiation Area” |
| 240 At a distance of two (2) feet from a radiation source the radiation intensity is 300 R/HR (3MSV/HR) what is the intensity at a distance of eight (8) feet from the source? | R/HR |
| 241 What would be the distance from a new 100 curies (3700 GBQ) Iridium 192 source without a collimator to the point where the radiation intensity is 2 R/HR (.02 MSV/HR)? Use 5.2R as emissivity. | 16.12 Feet |
| 242 What is the mR/HR (MSV/HR) output from a 100 curie (3700 GBQ) Iridium 192 source unshielded at a distance of 250 feet? | 8.32mR/h |
| 243 Before working with radioactive sources you must have available at the radiographic site | State or Federal regulations AND Operating and emergency procedures AND Companies radioactive materials license |
| 244 The dosimeter measures total dose history and must read from 0 up to 200 mRem (2MSV) it shall be recharged (zeroed)? | At the start of the shift |
| 245 The area known as the center of an atom is called the | Nucleus |
| 246 The quality factor for x-rays and gamma rays and beta particles is essentially? | 1 |
| 247 The quality factor alpha (rays) particles is essentially? | 20 |
| 248 The film badge/ TLD should be stored : | IN A Cool area AND Dry area AND Secure/ safe area |
| 249 If your film badge/ TLD is lost you must | Follow your companies operating and emergency procedures |
| 250 Alarm rate meters must be checked | At the start of each work shift to ensure that the alarm functions properly prior to use |
| 251 Alarm rate meters must be set to give an alarm signal at | 500 mR/HR (5 MSV/HR) |
| 252 An occupational dose to an embryo/fetus of a declared pregnant woman during the entire pregnancy shall not exceed | 500 mREM (5 mSV) |
| 253 The survey meter measures the radiation field strength and shall have a range such that can be measured | 2 mR/HR (.02 mSV/HR through 1 R/HR (10 mSV/HR) |
| 254 No exposure device shall have an exterior surface reading in excess of | 200 mR/HR (2 mSV/HR) |
| 255 The term REM stands for | Roentgen Equivalent Man |
| 256 The radiographer is responsible for clearing the restricted area of unauthorized personnel at the | Time the preliminary control is established |
| 257 Areas used for radiography must be restricted so that anyone present at the perimeter will not receive a radiation dose in excess of | 2 mR (.02 MSV) in any one (1) hour |
| 258 When transporting radioactive materials survey the driver’s compartment to ensure that the radiation reading does not exceed | 2 mR/HR (.02 mSV/HR) |
| 259 Sealed sources must be tested for leakage at least one every | Six months |
| 260 Full deflection of a survey meter (pegged while on battery check) means? | Meter may or may not be working properly |
| 261 A radiographer’s survey meter is showing 0 near the source he can safely assume | The meter is in an in-operable state the radiographer should retreat from the source until an operational meter has replaced the suspect meter. |
| 263 Example D above is called what? | An exposure device |
| 264 The mechanism that is responsible for moving the source from the shielded position to an un-shielded position and back is called the? | Drive cable |
| 268 The atomic weight of Iridium 192 is | 192 |
| 269 The atomic weight of Cobalt 60 is | 60 |
| 270 A cobalt 60 exposure device weighs more than an iridium 192 device because? | Cobalt 60 energy is higher than Iridium and requires more shielding material |
| 271 A state issued radiographers’ certificate (State Card) is valid for | 5 years |
| 272 The inverse square law is used to express the relationship between distance and | Intensity |
| 273 The transport index refers to | The dose rate at 1 meter from the surface of a package |
| 274 Which of the following is not a major cause of radiography over exposures? | The wrong type of source material has been put in the exposure device |
| 275 A survey instrument must be capable of an accuracy of | Plus or minus 20 % |
| 276 Wavelike radiation travels at | at the speed of light without regard to pressure temperature or magnetic fields |
| 277 The two basic types of radiation are | particulate and electromagnetic |
| 278 X-rays are produced by an X-ray tube by the | passage of electrons across the tube striking the target |
| 279 Radio waves microwaves and infrared waves are types of | non-ionizing radiation |
| 280 X-radiation is created by applying a | high-voltage direct current across the cathode of a vacuum tube |
| 281 As a radioisotope decays the elements return to a stable state by undergoing several steps; once complete the material continues to produce radiation. : | FALSE |
| 282 Activation is the process of bombarding material with | excess neutrons |
| 283 Source decay is | constant |
| 284 A person who receives a dose of 100 REM over a 24-hour period will have the same biological effects as someone who receives a dose of 250 REM over a 20-year period | FALSE |
| 285 The annual dose limit to the extremities and skin for the radiographer must be limited to a dose of | 50 REMS (.5 SV) per calendar year |
| 286 Low doses of radiation over long periods of time are known as | chronic |
| 287 Defects that are passed on to your children are what type of effect? | Genetic |
| 288 Delayed effects caused from radiation exposure might be | genetic defects & cancer |
| 289 When a source is leaking and a radiographer gets contaminated on his hands and clothing the dose is said to be an | External dose |
| 290 If exposed to a whole-body dose of radiation which would receive the highest dose of radiation? | Skin |
| 291 Prompt effects of radiation exposure to acute doses include | Blood changes AND nausea AND fatigue |
| 292 Which is a disadvantage of a Geiger-Muller type survey meter? | it can saturate and read zero at high intensities |
| 293 Survey meters pocket dosimeters and rate alarms can be calibrated with | Cesium or Cobalt |
| 294 Which is more accurate at higher energies for measuring radiation intensity? | Geiger-muller survey meter |
| 295 You are getting no reading at the surface of an exposure device you should | switch to lower range and place on surface |
| 296 The survey meter is reading 0 on the X1 scale near the source what is this telling you? | survey meter is not functioning correctly |
| 297 Pocket dosimeters must be replaced quarterly. | FALSE |
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