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hemodynamics (8)
RCP 160
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Normal CVP: Decreased: Increased: | 2-6 mmHg D: -Hypovolemia, vasodilatation, decreased venous returns, negative pressure ventilation I: -Hypervolemia, right-sided heart failure, cardiac tamponade, positive pressure ventilation, COPD, pulmonary HTN, pulmonary embous, pulmonic stenosis, tr |
| Normal PA systolic pressure: Normal PA Diastolic pressure | 15-25 mmHg/8-15 mmHg Increased Pressures: Fluid overload, atrial or ventricular defects, pulmonary problems, LV failure, & mitral stenosis/regurgitation. |
| Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure (PCWP) Normal: Elevated:: Decrased: | 8-12 mmHg E: Indicates Left Ventricular failure, constrictive pericarditis, mitral stenosis, regurgitation, and fluid overload. D: Indicates hypovolemia and venodilating drugs |
| Pulmonary Vascular Resistance (PVR) | measures afterload for the right heart, <250 dynes Increased: seen in pulmonary disease and hypoxia. |
| Systemic Vascular Resistance (SVR) | measures afterload for the left heart. 800-12 dynes I: seen in HTN, IHSS aortic stenosis and vasoconstrictor use, high levels of Calcium, sympathetic nervous system stimulation and medications such as Digoxin or Dobutamine. |
| RVP- Right Ventricular Pressure | Not typically monitored, but the wave form is seen with insertion of the PA catheter as the catheter moves through the right ventricle. I: Pulmonary HTN- caused by left heart failure, mitgral regurgitation, stenosis, and cardiomyopathy. Pulmonary disease |
| Cardiac output: what is it and how is it calculated? | CO is the volume of blood ejected per minute (L/min) CO = SV x HR Cardiac output in humans is generally 5-6 L/min in an at-rest |
| what three factors affect stroke volume? | preload, afterload, contractility |
| what is afterload? how is it estimated? | afterload: resistance of the left ventricle it is estimated by SVR |
| what is preload? how is it estimated? | preload: how much blood is going to the left ventricle LVEDV is estimated by the PCWP (the volume right before systole) |
| Blood pressure: what is it, what is it associated with, how is it calculated? | Normal blood pressure for most adults is defined as a systolic pressure of less than 120 and a diastolic pressure of less than 80. Elevated blood pressure is defined as a systolic pressure between 120 and 129 with a diastolic pressure of less than 80. BP |
| SVR Decrease | Seen in distributive shock states and vasodilator use, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, acidosis, ischemia, and necrosis. |
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tumi6472
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