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Antiinfective Drugs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| If an organisms stains purple what is it? | Gram-Positive. |
| If an organism stains red what is it? | Gram-Negative. |
| What is an antibiotic? | A medication used to treat bacterial infections. |
| What should be done before beginning an antibiotic therapy? | A culture. |
| What does a bactericidal do? | Kill bacteria. |
| what does a bacteriostatic do? | Inhibit growth or susceptible bacteria. |
| What is believed to be the reason for antibiotic resistance? | The over use of antibiotic. |
| When would you collect a culture? | Before starting an antibiotic medication. |
| What in important in relation to taking antibiotics? | Taking the medication and completing the all the meds even if the symptoms go away. |
| What is the normal WBC? | 5,000 - 10,000 |
| What are the general implementations of anti-infectives? | 1. Administer on time. 2. Watch for reactions. 3. Complete full course. 4. Prepare powders accurately. 5. Continual assessments. 6. Patient teaching. |
| What is included in the group of sulfonamides? | 1. Sulfadiazine 2. Sulfamethoxazole 3. Sulfisoxazole |
| What are sulfonamides used for? | UTI's, PCP, upper respiratory tract infections and other uses. |
| What is a sulfonamides combination? | Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim/Septra) |
| What are some of the nursing implications for sulfonamides? | Increase fluid intake to 2000ml per day, avoid sunlight, warn about reduced effectiveness of birth control, GI upset, headache, crystal-urine(rare). |
| What is Pyridium and what is a main side-effect? | A drug used to relieve pain associated with UTI, and the main side-effect is that it turns the urine red/orange. |
| What are the four major groups of Beta-Lactam antibiotics? | 1. Penicillins 2. Cephaolsporins 3. Carbapenems 4. Monobactams |
| What does the Beta-Lactam group do? | They inhibit the synthesis of bacterial cell wall. |
| What are penicillins used for and what are some of the contraindications? | Penicillins are used for gram+ bacterias. The contraindications include: hypersensitivity or allergic reactions. And, it also had the potential for cross sensitivity with cephalosporins and carbapenems. |
| What can be used in addition to the penicillins that will bind on the beta-lactamase thus prevent the enzyme from breaking down the penicillin? | 1. Clavulanic acid 2. Tazobactam 3. Sulbactam |
| What is Augmentin and what is it used for? | Amoxicillin and Clavulanic Acid, and it is used PO to treat ear infections. |
| What is Zosyn and how is it given? | Piperacillin and Tazobactam, and may only be given by IV. |
| What are the statics of allergic reactions in relation to penicillins? | 10% of allergic reactions are life threatening and 10% of those 10% are fatal. |
| What is a key thought in relation to allergic reactions of penicillins? | That even though a person may have taking this medication before, they still have a chance of developing a life threatening/fatal reaction to the same medication even with no earlier reactions to prior medication therapies. |
| How long should a nurse monitor a pt after administering penicillin? | 30 mins. |
| What effects the effectiveness of penicillins and what should they be taken with? | Caffeine, citrus fruit, cola beverages, fruit juices and tomato juice can decrease the effectiveness of penicillins. Therefore, this medication should be taken with water. |
| What are the four groups of cephalosporins? | 1. First generation 2. Second generation 3. Third generation 4. Fourth generation |
| What are a few of the first generation cephalosporins? | Cephalexin Monohygrate(Keflex) and Cefazolin(Ancef) |
| What is Ceftriaxone(Rocephin)and how can it be given and what does it treat? | It is a third generation cephalosporin and may be given IM. It is used to treat STD's and upper resp. infections. |
| What is a fourth generation cephalosporins? | Cefdinir(Omnicef) |
| What are some general nursing implications of anti-biotics? | Because these medications can cause GI upset, they should be given with food even though it will delay the absorption. Some types of these medications are used for anti-abuse and may make the pt ill if they consume alcohol. Also, pt should avoid antacids, |
| What are Carbapenems, what are they used for and what is common drug in this class that is used? | They are a very broad-spectrum antibacterial action. they are reserved for complicated body cavity and connective tissue infections. Imipenem-Cilastatin(Primaxin) |
| What are monobactams and what are they used for? | They are used to treat aerobic gram negative bacteria. They serve to treat severe infections and some UTI's. |
| What are the three main types of macrolides? | 1. Erythromycin(E-mycin, E.E.S., & others) 2. Azithromycin(Zithromax) 3. Clarithromycin(Biaxin) |
| What are macrolides are used in place of what medication? | Pencillins |
| What two macrolides have fewer side effects, longer duration of action, better efficacy and better tissue penetration? | Azithromycin(Zithromax) and Clarithromycin(Biaxin) |
| What are two drugs that are in the tetracyclines family? | Tetracycline and Doxycycline(doryx, Vibramycin) |
| What are a few of the major contraindicated of tetracyclines? | Pregnancy, children less than 8 years old and in pt with renal failure. |
| What are some of the drug related concerns of tetracyclines? | Antiacids, mineral supplements(Ca, Fe, Mg), dairy products and sucraifate(carafate). |
| What may happen in children and fetus if this drug is given? | In children, this medication can cause permanent teeth discoloration. This drug can cause retarded fetal skeletal development if taken during pregnancy. |
| What are a few drugs in the aminoglycosides family? | Tobramycin(Nebcin) and Neomycin |
| How should aminoglycosides be given? | Because they are poorly absorbed through the GI tract, these medications should be given IV, with the exception of neomycin which can be given IM or PO. |
| What is a major consideration for aminoglycosides? | They must be monitored to prevent toxicities. |
| What are some of the main drugs used in the quinolones family? | Ciproflozacin(Cipro), Levoflozacin(Levaquin) |
| What are some quinolone cautions? | This drug may interact with some cardiac drugs. It is not used in children due to the possible affect on cartilage development. Also, this drug may interact with pt's on warfarin, coumadin. |
| What should pt be advised to do while taking a quinolone drug? | Avoid sunlight, may cause dizziness, and to increase their fluids to 2 to 3 quarts per day. |
| What medication would be used as an anti-fungal/bacterial medication that advises pt against drinking alcohol due to toxicities that may be also used to treat C-Def? | Metronidazole(Flagyl) |
| What drug has it's own class that is used to treat MRSA? | Vaconmycin |
| How should vaconmycin be given? | As an IV that should infuse over 60 minutes. |
| What should the nurse look for while administering vaconmycin? | The IV site and signs or Redman's syndrome that may occur along with a decreased BP, flushing of the neck and face. |
| What might be ordered to reduce the symptoms of Redman's syndrome? | Antihistamine |
| What are some nursing implications for antibiotics? | Before beginning assess for allergies, hepatic, liver and cardiac function and other lab studies. Collect the pts health history. Assess for conditions that may be contraindication/cautious use. Assess for potential drug interactions! |
Created by:
hlawrence59
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