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APHG - CH 1 Vocab

all vocab terms

TermDefinition
Absolute Location A precise position on the Earth's surface
Behavioral geography The study of the psychological basis for individual human actions in space.
Cartography The science of making maps
Climate The long-term average weather condition at a particular location
Clustered Position close together. Often used interchangeably with "concentration".
Complementarity A measure of how well one country’s export profile matches another country’s import profile.
Concentration The spread of something over a given area versus another area.
Connection The relationships among people and objects across the barrier of space.
Conservation The sustainable management of a natural resource.
Contagious diffusion* The rapid, widespread diffusion of a feature or trend throughout a population.
Cultural ecology A geographic approach that emphasizes human–environment relationships.
Cultural landscape* An approach to geography that emphasizes the relationships among social and physical phenomena in a particular study area.
Culture* The body of customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits that together constitute a group’s distinct tradition.
Density * The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area.
Diffusion * The process of spread of a feature or trend from one place to another over time.
Dispersed * Diffused or spread out over an area.
Distance decay * The diminished importance and eventual disappearance of a phenomenon with increasing distance from its origin.
Distribution The arrangement of something across Earth’s surface.
Environmental determinism * An approach to the study of geography which argued that the general laws sought by human geographers could be found in the physical sciences.
Expansion diffusion * The spread of a feature or trend among people from one area to another in an additive process.
Formal region (or uniform region) * An area in which everyone shares in common one or more distinctive characteristics.
Friction of distance* The inhibiting effect of distance on the intensity and volume of forms of interaction. Note: time-space compression decreases friction of distance.
Functional region (or nodal region) * An area organized around a node or focal point.
Geographic information system (GIS) * A computer system that stores, organizes, analyzes, and displays geographic data.
Geotagging Identification and storage of a piece of information by its precise latitude and longitude coordinates.
Global Positioning System (GPS) A system that determines the precise position of something on Earth through a series of satellites, tracking stations, and receivers.
Globalization * Actions or processes that involve the entire world and result in making something worldwide in scope.
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) The time in the zone encompassing the prime meridian, or 0° longitude.
Hearth * The region from which innovative ideas originate.
Hierarchical diffusion * The spread of a feature or trend from one key person or node of authority or power to other persons or places.
Humanistic geography The study of different ways that individuals form ideas about place and give those places symbolic meanings.
International Date Line An arc that for the most part follows 180° longitude. When the International Date Line is crossed heading east (toward America), the clock moves back a day. When it is crossed heading west (toward Asia), the calendar moves ahead one day.
Latitude The numbering system used to indicate the location of parallels drawn on a globe and measuring distance north and south of the equator (0°).
Location * The position of anything on Earth’s surface.
Longitude The numbering system used to indicate the location of meridians drawn on a globe and measuring distance east and west of the prime meridian (0°).
Map A two-dimensional, or flat, representation of Earth’s surface or a portion of it.
Map scale The relationship between the size of an object on a map and the size of the actual feature on Earth’s surface.
Mashup A map that overlays data from one source on top of a map provided by a mapping service.
Mental map A representation of a portion of Earth’s surface based on what an individual knows about a place that contains personal impressions of what is in the place and where the place is located.
Meridian An arc drawn on a map between the North and South poles.
Network A chain of communication that connects places.
Nonrenewable resource Something produced in nature more slowly than it is consumed by humans.
Parallel A circle drawn around the globe parallel to the equator and at right angles to the meridians.
Participatory GIS (PGIS) Community-based mapping, representing local knowledge and information.
Pattern The geometric or regular arrangement of something in a particular area.
Perceptual region (or Vernacular region) * An area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity.
Place * A specific point on Earth, distinguished by a particular characteristic.
Polder Land that the Dutch have created by draining water from an area.
Possibilism * The theory that the physical environment may set limits on human actions, but people have the ability to adjust to the physical environment and choose a course of action from many alternatives.
Poststructuralist geography The study of space as the product of ideologies or value systems of ruling elites.
Preservation The maintenance of resources in their present condition, with as little human impact as possible.
Prime meridian The meridian, designated as 0° longitude, passes through the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, England.
Projection A system used to transfer locations from Earth’s surface to a flat map.
Region * An area distinguished by a unique combination of trends or features
Relative Location * The position of one place or person in relation to another place or person.
Relocation diffusion (also known as Migration diffusion)* The spread of a feature or trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another.
Remote sensing * The acquisition of data about Earth’s surface from a satellite orbiting the planet or from other long-distance methods.
Renewable resource Something produced in nature more rapidly than it is consumed by humans.
Resource A substance in the environment that is useful to people, is economically and technologically feasible to access, and is socially acceptable to use.
Scale * Generally, the relationship between the portion of Earth being studied and Earth as a whole.
Sense of place * How a person feels about a place and why it is important to them.
Site * The physical character of a place.
Situation * The location of a place relative to another place.
Soil depletion * The erosion, salinization, or degrading of fertile soil.
Space The physical gap or interval between two objects.
Space–time compression * The reduction in the time it takes to diffuse something to a distant place as a result of improved communications and transportation systems.
Spatial association * The relationship between the distribution of one feature and the distribution of another feature.
Spatial diffusion * A feature spreading across space.
Spatial interaction * The connectivity of people, businesses, or other features across space.
Spatial perspective * A geographic focus that seeks to identify and explain the uses of space.
Stimulus diffusion * The spread of an underlying principle even though a specific characteristic is rejected.
Sustainability * The use of Earth’s renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.
Syncretism * The combining of elements of two groups into a new cultural feature.
Thematic map * A map that emphasizes the spatial patterns of geographic statistics or attributes, and sometimes the relationship between them.
Toponym * The name given to a portion of Earth’s surface.
Transnational corporation * A company that conducts research, operates factories, and sells products in many countries, not just where its headquarters or shareholders are located.
Uneven development The increasing gap in economic conditions between core and peripheral regions as a result of the globalization of the economy.
Volunteered geographic information (VGI) Creation and dissemination of geographic data contributed voluntarily and for free by individuals.
Abiotic Composed of nonliving or inorganic matter.
Atmosphere The thin layer of gases surrounding Earth.
Biosphere All living organisms on Earth, including plants and animals, as well as microorganisms.
Biotic Composed of living organisms.
Ecology The scientific study of ecosystems.
Ecosystem A group of living organisms and the abiotic spheres with which they interact.
Hydrosphere All of the water on and near Earth’s surface.
Lithosphere Earth’s crust and a portion of the upper mantle directly below the crust.
Created by: bubsly
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