click below
click below
Normal Size Small Size show me how
ANS Physiology
UTHSCSA N3312 ANS Physiology and Drug Basics
Question | Answer |
---|---|
System that maintains homeostasis by regulating heart, secretory glands, and smooth muscle | Autonomic Nervous System |
2 parts of the ANS | SNS (Sympathetic Nervous System) and PNS (Parasympathetic Nervous System) |
What response is the SNS responsible for? | Fight or Flight response |
What is the main neurotransmitter of the SNS? | norepinephrine |
From where is norepinepherine released? | postganglionic adrenergic fibers of the SNS and the adrenal medullae as a neurohormone |
What type of receptors are in the SNS? | adrenergic receptors (alpha 1,2 & Beta 1, 2) and dopaminergic receptors |
What enzyme(s) metabolizes norepinepherine? | MAO and COMT |
What response is the PNS responsible for? | rest/digest, feed/breed |
What is the main neurotransmitter of the PNS? | acetylcholine |
For what system is norepinepherine the main neurotransmitter | SNS |
For what system is acetylcholine the main neurotransmitter | PNS |
From where is acetylcholine released? | preganglionic cholinergic fibers in both the PNS and SNS and postganglionic fibers of the PNS |
What type of receptors are in the PNS? | cholinergic receptors |
What are the two types of cholinergic receptors? | nicotinic and muscarinic |
What NT does MAO metabolize? | norepinepherine |
What NT does COMT metabolize? | norepinepherine |
What NT does acetylcholinesterase metabolize? | acetylcholine |
What enzyme(s) metabolizes acetylcholine? | acetylcholinesterase |
What NT acts on adrenergic receptors? | norepinepherine and epinephrine as a neurohormone |
What NT acts on cholinergic receptors? | acetylcholine |
What NT acts on nicotinic receptors? | acetylcholine |
What NT acts on muscarinic receptors? | acetylcholine |
What NT acts on dopaminergic receptors? | dopamine |
What NT acts on Alpha receptors? | norepinepherine and epinephrine as a neurohormone |
What NT acts on Beta receptors? | norepinepherine and epinephrine as a neurohormone |
What are the two types of adrenergic receptors? | Alpha and Beta receptors |
Where are NT’s formed? | in neuron |
Where are NT’s stored? | in vesicles in nerve endings |
What triggers NT’s released into the synapse? | electrical impulse in nervous system |
What is a first messenger? | the NT that first binds with the receptor in the affected cell |
What does the first messenger do? | binds with receptor on outside of cell and initiates a second messenger to conduct the message in cell |
What is the second messenger? | a chemical that is created by the binding of a first messenger NT to a cell receptor and carries the message to cell structures to affect a change |
What messenger (first or second) conducts the signal in the cell? | second |
What messenger (first or second) conducts the signal to the cell? | first |
What happens to a NT after it has sent its message? | it is released back into the space between the cell and neuron and taken back up by the nerve ending or metabolized by an enzyme |
What 4 things must one understand to know the effect(s) of a nervous system drug? | 1.types of receptors in target tissue; 2.effect of receptor activation; 3.will it enhance or inhibit activation; 4.effect of drug on other organs/tissues with same receptors |
What are the classes of drugs that effect the peripheral nervous system called? | adrenergics, antiadrenergics, cholinergics, and anticholinergics |
What are the classes of drugs that effect the central nervous system called? | CNS stimulants or depressants |
What system do adrenergics and antiadrenergics effect? | peripheral nervous system |
What system do cholinergics and anticholinergics effect? | peripheral nervous system |
What are the 4 actions of neuro drugs? | 1.affect NT synthesis (increase or decrease); 2.interfere with NT storage; 3.promote/inhibit NT release; 4.block NT reuptake or prohibit breakdown |
What does a sympathomimetic drug do? | produce effects (mimics) stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system |
What does an adrenergic drug do? | produces effects that mimic the stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system |
What is another word for sympathomimetic? | adrenergic |
What is another word for adrenergic? | sympathomimetic |
What does an antiandrenergic drug do? | produce effects that mimic the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system |
What does an sympatholytic drug do? | produce effects that mimic the inhibition of the sympathetic nervous system |
What is another word for sympatholytic? | antiadrenergic |
What is another word for antiadrenergic? | sympatholytic |
What does a cholinergic drug do? | produces effects that mimic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system |
What does a parasympathomimetic drug do? | produces effects that mimic stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system |
What are 3 other words for cholinergic? | cholinomimetic, parasympathetic, parasympathomimetic |
What does an anticholinergic drug do? | produces effects that mimic the inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system |
What does a parasympatholytic drug do? | produce effects that mimic the inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system |
What are 3 other words for parasympathomimetic? | cholinergic, cholinomimetic, parasympathetic |
What is another word for anticholinergic? | parasympatholytic |
What is another word for parasympatholytic? | anticholinergic |
What are the 2 major divisions of the nervous system? | central nervous system and peripheral nervous system |
What are the 2 major divisions of the peripheral nervous system? | autonomic nervous system and somatic nervous system |
The ANS maintains homeostasis by regulating what 3 things? | the heart, secretory glands, and smooth muscle |
What is a ligand? | the first messenger or NT that binds with the receptor |
What is another word for “first messenger”? | ligand |
What is a selective neurotransmitter? | NT that can only interact with a small number of receptor types (ex: beta-2 only) |
What is a non-selective neurotransmitter? | NT that can interact with many receptor types |
Where are nicotinic receptors in the body? | motor and skeletal muscle |
Where are muscarinic receptors in the body? | heart, GI tract, genitourinary system, eyes, respiratory system |