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Infrastructure Plann
Areas of Practice - Infrastructure Planning - AICP November 2022 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Adequate public facilities ordinance (APFO) | Allows local gmt to deny or delay new develop if the existing services (water and sewer, roads, schools, fire, and police) cannot support it. It ensures new dev does not negatively impact a community's quality of life by overburdening public services |
| Concurrency | practice of req that infrastructure be in place and available at a specified level of service prior to allowing new development to occur. City tracks new development permits to ensure there is sufficient infrastructure capacity to serve new development. |
| Daylighting | practice of placing windows, or other transparent media, and reflective surfaces so that natural light provides effective internal illumination during the day. also used to describe conversion of enclosed drainage system to a more open and natural system. |
| Blue infrastructure | water-based infrastructure and can include stormwater management, such as bioretention systems, swales, reservoirs, rain gardens, constructed wetlands, and other waterways. |
| Stormwater runoff and pollution | generated from rain and snowmelt events that flow over land or impervious surfaces, such as paved streets, parking lots, and building rooftops, and does not soak into the ground. Use stormwater controls to filter out pollutants and/or prevent pollution |
| Green infrastructure | A significant emphasis is on converting single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure (piped drainage and water treatment systems) —to reducing and treating stormwater at its source. Green infrastructure has environmental, social, and economic benefits |
| Telecommunications planning | access to telecommunications infrastructure such as focusing on ensuring communities have access to broadband |
| Energy Sources | electricity in the U.S. is 62.7% fossil fuels (split by coal and natural gas), 20% nuclear, and 17.1 % renewables (mostly wind and hydropower). |
| Fossil Fuels | Nonrenewable energy that includes coal, crude oil, and natural gas are all considered fossil fuels (formed from the buried remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago). Natural gas and methane gas are burned to produce electricity. |
| Renewable energy | cannot be exhausted and is constantly renewed. This includes sunlight, geothermal heat, wind, tides, water, and various forms of biomass. |
| Biomass energy | uses organic material which is burned to create energy. Biomass is renewable organic matter such as wood or ethanol (derived almost exclusively from corn). |
| Hydroelectric power | typically associated with large dams. It uses falling water to produce power, which is moved through a turbine, causing it to spin. The spinning turbine is coupled with a generator, which produces energy. |
| Solar Energy | can be used to heat homes through solar panels. Solar power uses photovoltaic panels to convert sunlight directly into electricity. The panels can be added together to create large systems. measured in kilowatt-hours per square meter (kWh/m2)systems |
| Passive Solar Design | mitigates the building's energy needs. The goal of passive design is to maximize the amount of direct sunlight available to each building - for example, orienting streets and front lot lines along the east-west axis |
| Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems | use photovoltaic cell technology to capture radiant energy from the sun and create electricity. Photovoltaic cells are placed on panels that are then placed on rooftops or mounted on the ground. Cells can operate at the residential to the utility scale. |
| Wind power | Wind turbines are tall (100 feet plus) in order to catch the wind more efficiently. Distributed wind energy systems are small residential wind turbines with capacities of up to 100kW and are designed for on-site consumption. |
| Energy Efficiency | Buildings are made more efficient by using insulation, which is rated in terms of thermal resistance, called R-value ( the resistance to heat flow). The higher the R-value, the greater the insulation. A minimum R-value of 20 is recommended for SFR |
Created by:
cristinemshoff
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