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Natural Resources Pl
Areas of Practice - Natural Resources Planning - AICP November 2022 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| 1st Earth Day | April 22, 1970 |
| Metropolitan Water District of Southern California, 1927 | created the Colorado River Aqueduct built btw 1933 and 1941 and is owned and operated by the Metropolitan Water District of Southern California. It ran a water pipeline to Los Angeles. |
| Silent Spring 1962 | Rachel Carson. examined the dangers of chemical pesticides, such as DDT, on plants, animals, and humans. The book greatly influenced the way people think about the environment. |
| Effluent Standards | set restrictions on the discharge of pollutants into the environment. Effluent guidelines reduce the discharge of pollutants that have serious environmental impacts. The EPA has effluent guidelines for more than 50 categories. |
| Point Source Pollution | discharged directly from a specific site, such as a sewage treatment plant or an industrial pipe. |
| Non-point Source Pollution | contaminated runoff from many sources |
| Potable Water | water that is safe to drink. |
| Aquifer | one or more strata of rock or sediment that is saturated and sufficiently permeable to yield economically significant quantities of water to wells or springs. Wells can be drilled into the aquifers and water can be pumped out. |
| Estuary | area where freshwater meets saltwater. |
| Lagoon | shallow body of water that is located alongside a coast. |
| Marsh | type of freshwater, brackish water or saltwater wetland found along rivers, ponds, lakes, and coasts. It does not accumulate appreciable peat deposits and is dominated by herbaceous vegetation. |
| Reservoir | a pond, lake, tank, or basin that can be used for the storage and control of water, and can be either natural or man-made. |
| Surface Water | rivers, lakes, oceans, ocean-like water bodies, and coastal tidal waters. |
| Swamp | freshwater wetland that has spongy, muddy land and a lot of water. |
| Watershed | region drained by, or contributing water to, a surface water body. |
| Water table | underground boundary between the soil surface and the area where groundwater saturates spaces between sediments and cracks in rock. Water pressure and atmospheric pressure are equal at this boundary. |
| Wetlands | swamps, marshes, bogs, and other similar areas. They are areas that are inundated or saturated by surface or groundwater sufficient to support vegetation typically adapted for life in saturated soil conditions. Wetlands can be natural or constructed. |
| The Clean Water Act, 1972; amendment in 1977 (AKA Federal Water Pollution Control Act ) | requires anyone wanting to discharge pollutants into a body of water to obtain a permit, regulates the amount of water that can be discharged and the types of pollutants that can be released. |
| Point Source Discharge Permit | Permit to discharge pollutants into the water from the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). |
| Clean Air Act in 1970, 1977 and 1990 | Act has provisions that cut off federal funding for metro areas that are not in attainment. In non-attainment areas, new pollution sources are allowed only if there is a reduction in pollutants greater than the pollutants contributed by the source. |
| Clean Air Act Permit | Under the Clean Air Acts, required to receive permit for: Ozone Particulate Matter Carbon Monoxide Nitrogen Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide Lead |
| Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) | relates to air quality and requires that a project will not increase emissions above a specified PSD increment. |
| Ambient Air Quality Standards | the maximum air contaminant concentrations allowed in the ambient air. |
| The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 (NEPA) | Resulted in the creation of the Council on Environmental Quality. NEPA requires Federal agencies to prepare an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for all major Federal actions that may significantly affect the quality of the human environment. |
| Environmental Assessment (EA) | Agencies can first prepare a smaller, shorter document to determine if an EIS is required. If the EA indicates that no significant impact is likely, then a finding of no significant impact (FONSI) can be completed |
| The Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899 | oldest environmental law in the U.S. Prohib the constr of any bridge, dam, dike, or causeway over any navigable waterway in the U.S. plus all wharves, piers, or jetties, and the excavation or fill of navigable waters wo Congressional approval |
| The Water Pollution Control Act of 1948 | allowed Surgeon General of the Public Health Service to prepare a comprehensive program for eliminating or reducing the pollution of interstate waters and tributaries and improving the sanitary condition of surface and underground waters. |
| The Water Quality Act of 1965 | first time water quality was treated as an environmental concern rather than a public health concern. established the Water Pollution Control Administration within the Department of the Interior |
| The Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, later amended in 1990 | focused efforts to reduce polluted runoff in 29 coastal states. |
| The Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1972, amended the Water Pollutant Act of 1948 | Amends broadened gvmt authority over water pollution and restructured authority for water pollution under EPA. Act changed the enforcement from water quality standards to regulate # of pollutants being discharged from particular point sources. |
| The Endangered Species Act of 1973 This act was later amended in 1988. | provides protection of animal and plant species that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service designates as threatened or endangered. |
| The Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act (PURPA) of 1978 | promotes alternative energy sources, energy efficiency, and reduced dependence on foreign oil. It also created a market for non-utility power producers and requires competition in the utility industry. |
| The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980 | created a $1.6 billion Superfund to clean up abandoned hazardous waste sites and req major industries to report toxic air, water, or ground. Are more than 1,200 superfund sites across the U.S. Tax on petroleum and chemical industries help pay for cleanup |
| The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976 1986 amendment | ability to control hazardous waste from the "cradle-to-grave." incl generation, transportation, treatment, storage, and disposal of waste, and management of non-hazardous solid wastes. 1986 amend focused on underground storage tanks for hazards |
| The Toxic Substances Control Act of 1976 | Provided EPA with responsibility for reporting, record-keeping and testing requirements, and restrictions relating to chemical substances and/or mixtures. Certain substances are generally excluded, including food, drugs, cosmetics, and pesticides. |
| Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 1947 amended in 1972 | Established procedures for registering pesticides with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, then to mandate EPA regulate the use and sale of pesticides to protect human health and the environment. |
| Safe Drinking Water Act was passed in 1974 | This law protects both the sources of drinking water and the end product |
| Brownfields | "real property, the expansion, redevelopment, or reuse may be complicated by the presence or potential presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant. Cleaning up takes pressures off undeveloped, open land |
| Environmental Justice, Executive Order 12898 was issued by President Clinton in 1994 | Requires federal agencies to make achieving environmental justice part of their mission by addressing the disproportionate adverse environmental and human health impacts of its policies, programs, and activities on minority and low-income populations |
| Noise Levels | 40 decibels quiet city 70 decibels annoying 130 decibels are rock concerts |
| Sierra Club, 1892 | Founded for protection and preservation of natural environment. John Muir was the founder |
| Soil Conservation Act, 1935 | Congress moved to make prevention of soil erosion a national responsibility |
| Water Resources Mgmt Act, 1965 | Authorized Federal-multistate river basin commissions |
| National Environmental Policy Act, 1969 | Requires an environmental impact statement for every federal or federally funded project |
| Federal Environmental Protection Agency, 1970 | Established to administer main provisions of the Clean Air Act (1970) |
| Endangered Species Act, 1973 | Authorized federal assistance to state and local jurisdictions to establish conservation programs for endangered plant and animal species |
| 8 New Monuments Established, 2000 | President Clinton adds these in 5 states |
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cristinemshoff
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