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Parks, Rec, Open Spa
Areas of Practice - Parks, Recreation, Open Space - AICP November 2022 Test
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Yellowstone, 1872 | 1st national park |
| National Park Service, 1916 | created when President Woodrow Wilson signed the Organic Act of 1916 (an Organic Act is an act that establishes a territory or an agency to manage federal lands). |
| John Muir | early advocate for national park system. wrote extensively for popular publications, bringing national attention to sites that would become national parks incl Glacier Bay and Mount Rainier, championed protecting the Petrified Forest and the Grand Canyon. |
| Theodore Roosevelt | created five national parks and signed the Antiquities Act, which created 18 national monuments, including the Grand Canyon. He created 51 federal bird sanctuaries, four national game refuges, and more than 100 million acres of national forests. |
| Franklin Delano Roosevelt | improved national parks through the Civilian Conservation Corps, expanded park system under FDR, w addition of civil war battlefields ( Lincoln Memorial ), created Olympic and Kings Canyon National Parks, |
| the first time federal funds were used to purchase park land | Smoky Mountains National Park |
| Linear parks | significantly longer in length than in width |
| Neighborhood parks | provide access to basic recreation opportunities for residents of a neighborhood. w/in walking and bicycling distance of most residents and are small in size, typically five or fewer acres. |
| Community park | serve a one to five-mile area and are typically 20 to 100 acres in size providing a mix of amenities to serve an entire community. |
| Regional parks | may be managed by a special park district and serve multiple jurisdictions. |
| Parklets | public seating platforms that convert curbside parking spaces into vibrant community spaces. AKA street seats or curbside seating, are the product of a partnership between the city and local businesses, residents, or neighborhood associations. |
| ParkScore | rating system for the 100 largest U.S. cities, developed by the Trust for Public Land. The four characteristics that are analyzed for a ParkScore are: acreage, investment, amenities, and access. |
| Greenway | any scenic trail or route set aside for travel or recreational purposes. |
| Scenic resources | landscape patterns and landscape features that are aesthetically pleasing and contribute to the distinctness of a community or region. |
| Viewshed | is the area that is visible through a line of site from a location. Napa County California has a viewshed ordinance to protect views from certain locations in the County. |
| Wildlife Corridor | is the linkage that joins two similar wildlife habitats. The Natural Resource Conservation Service provides guidance on conservation corridor planning. |
| Conservation Easements | legal agreements between a property owner and a land trust (or other org) in which the property owner agrees to place restrictions on the use of the property to protect natural resources. |
| Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) programs | allows for the transfer of development rights from an area that is designated for low-density development to an area planned for growth. |
| Sending zone | The environmental protection zone where development rights are separated. It is called a sending zone because the development rights are "sent" out of it. |
| Receiving zone | A zone where a developer buys a right to build more units than currently permitted in the local zoning ordinance. These zones "receive" development rights. |
| The Antiquities Act of 1906 | estab archeological sites on public lands are public resources and obligated federal agencies to preserve. law authorizes President to protect landmarks, structures, and objects of historic or scientific interest by designating them as National Monuments. |
| The Organics Act of 1916 | established the National Park Service to manage national parks and national monuments. |
| The Historic Sites Act of 1935 | sought to organize federally owned parks, monuments and historic sites under the National Park Service. It also declared a national policy to preserve historic sites, buildings, and objects of national importance for public use. |
| The Wilderness Act of 1964 | created National Wilderness Preservation System. Act defined wilderness as area of undeveloped federal land retailing its primeval character and influence wo permanent improv or human habitation. 106 million acres designated as wilderness. |
| The National Wild and Scenic River Act of 1968 | seeks to preserve rivers with outstanding natural, cultural and recreational values in a free-flowing condition for the enjoyment of current and future generations. As of 2018, 12,754 miles on 209 rivers in 40 states and Puerto Rico were protected |
| Cap parks | Built over a segment of a freeway, around since 1950s. Seattle's Freeway is a |
| National Recreation and Parks Association | 1 park for every 2,266 residents 9.6 acres of parks per 1,000 residents 1 playground for every 3,633 residents 1 recreation center for every 27,591 residents |
| "Rural by Design", 1994 | Randall Arendt wrote book. Conversation design in rural areas. Need for small towns to have medium density in rural areas. Not high density or low density. Focus on small town character, conversation, pocket parks, TDRs and PDRs, LID. |
| Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) | Development sent to receiving area. Great for protection of farms |
| Purchase of Development Rights (PDF) | Sell the right to develop. Use easements to secure partial use of a property |
| Conservation Design | Identify primary areas (wetlands, steep slopes) and Identify secondary areas (place to be setaside) Align streets and trails Draw lot lines Result: useful open space |
| Conservation | Instead of corridor development, rezone for node development. Allows for walkability |
| Low Impact Development (LID) | refers to systems and practices that use or mimic natural processes that result in the infiltration, evapotranspiration or use of stormwater in order to protect water quality and associated aquatic habitat to recharge and preserve ground water. |
| Pocket Neighborhoods | Ross Chapin. pattern of housing that fosters a strong sense of community among nearby neighbors, while preserving their need for privacy. Examples can be found across the spectrum, from small towns, to suburbs to urban areas |
| Planned Unit Development (PUD) | PUDS tend to neglect having usable open space. Conservation design takes it into account |
Created by:
cristinemshoff
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