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AMH2010-Exam 1 Vocab
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Beringia | A land bridge that connects Asia to North America that is now submerged beneath the ocean surface. |
| Agricultural Revolution | indigenous people’s shift from hunting and gathering to cultivating basic food crops |
| Northwest Passage | Sea route through Arctic and North Atlantic oceans along the northern coast of North America. |
| Fur Trade | Native Americans exchanged fur-bearing animals’ pelts for European products (most lucrative trade in the Ohio River valley) |
| Headright | 50 acres guaranteed to settlers who financed their own journey or who financed the journey of an additional settler |
| Joint stock companies | business enterprises that enabled investors to pool money for commercial trading activity and funding in the colonies |
| Factories | headquarters for a European company that traded for slaves & other West African resources (located on coasts of both Africa and American colonies |
| Seasoning | the process by which newly arrived Africans were broken into slavery in the Americas |
| The Middle Passage | Sea route between Africa and America used to transport African slaves |
| Planters | Owners of the largest tobacco plantations |
| Indentured Servants | Free persons (Europe) and kidnapped persons (from Europe) that entered contracts to offer non-financially incentivized labor for a limited number of years (5,7,10) in exchange for financed passage to the colonies (usually paid by the planters). |
| Indigo | bluish-violet dye produced from the indigo plant |
| Cash Crops | crop grown for sale and profit rather than survival |
| Euphemisms | enslaved people who were treated legally as property |
| Colonization | when a foreign government assumes administrative control over another region and its people |
| Industrial Revolution (1700s – 1880s) | Swift economic and technological changes, originated in England, spread throughout Europe and the United States. Industrial initiatives gradually became dominant over agricultural initiatives. |
| Acculturation included: | Training in localized skills Work assignments based on strength, age, and experiences Name changes Christianization |
| Three categories of slaves (common in 1700s) | Creoles: African descent and born in America Old Africans: born in Africa, but lived in America for years New Africans: recently arrived from Africa and the Middle Passage |
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