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MAH Exam 1 Objective
Ch 16- Ch 20
| Question | Answer | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| • What factors led to the unprecedented industrial and agricultural growth of the late 19th century? | ◦ Technology drove the process, Perhaps the most important expansion of new transportation- canals, steamboats and RR. ‣ | Communication systems like the telegraph & later the telephone | captions of industry/robber Barrons who spurred the transition | ‣ Abundant labor supply of immigrants- unskilled low wage workers. allows expansion and the ability produce quickly. | ◦ The Second Industrial Revolution ‣ The creation of electrical power ‣ Exploitation of natural resources (coal, iron, oil) ‣ Systematic application of scientific research to industrial process - ex. refining steel ‣ Labor saving technol |
| Who were the leaders of the movement? Goals? Strategies? | ◦ Thomas Edison- electric lightbulb direct-current (DC) | ◦ Alexander Graham Bell- Telephone | ◦ George Westinghouse - Electric power, alternating-current system alternating current (AC) | Barrons of Business ◦ John D Rockefeller- ◦ Andrew Carnegie ◦ J.P Morgan | |
| Who were the Barrons of Big Business ? | ◦ John D Rockefeller- co-founder of Standard Oil Co. ‣ Goal to take care of control of the entire oil industry or a monopoly ‣ Strategy - horizontal integration, trust & holding company ◦ Andrew Carnegie - Carnegie Steel Co. ‣ Goal- tower | ||||
| • What role did the government play? | ‣ encouraged economic growth by: • Imposing high tariffs on imported products and granted public land to RR co. & settlers in the west, established a stable currency & Encouraging creation of land-grant universities to spur tech innovation & research | ‣ encouraged economic growth by: • Imposing high tariffs on imported products and granted public land to RR co. & settlers in the west, established a stable currency & Encouraging creation of land-grant universities to spur tech innovation & research | • Made little effort to regulate activities of business ; this laissez-faire policy allowed entrepreneurs to experiment with new methods of organizations but also created rampant corruption & abusive conditions | ||
| • For what reason did unions form? | ◦ American industry had the highest rate of workplace accidents and deaths in the world at the time ◦ Children, women & immigrants created an abundant supply of workers that allowed businesses to keep wages low and no need to improve dangerous working | ||||
| What were the goals of Unions | ◦ Unions formed to advocate for workers' rights mainly to improve their pay & working conditions. | ||||
| What were some Methods of Unions | • Methods of these frustrated workers includes strikes that often lead to violence & riots, picketing and marches. | ||||
| • What was the crop-lien system? | ‣ an exploitative credit system that allowed the wealthy planter class to shackle former slaves and poor white people in metaphorical chains of debt. | ◦ The crop-lien system was a way for farmers to get credit before the planting season by borrowing against the value for anticipated harvests. Local merchants provided food and supplies all year long on credit; when the cotton crop was harvested farmers t | ◦ post civil-war version of economic slavery for poor whites as well as blacks |
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Anj0486
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