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Exam 4 (Ch 15-20)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What age is neonate | birth-4 weeks |
| What age is infant | 4 weeks - 1 year |
| What age is ttoddler | 1-3 years |
| What age is school age | 6-12 years |
| What age is adolescence | 12-18 years |
| How should the weight be taken up to 2 years old | naked or in a fresh diaper |
| Physical development of 2 month old | posterior fontanelle closes Elevates head |
| How should solid food be introduced | one ingredient at a time to detect intolerances |
| Why cant honey be given before 1 year old | botulism |
| What is latchkey child | children left unsupervised after school |
| What is important to remember regarding six year olds large amount of energy | Important to limit activities, over tires easily |
| What occurs with puberty | Reproductive organs become functional, secondary sex characteristics develop |
| in terms of gender identity some adults develop concept of gender identity that includes both masculine and feminine qualities, this is known as | androgynous |
| How is height measured up to 2 years old | laying down, referred to as length |
| What age do you do the head circumference | up to 2 years old |
| When do you start doing blood pressure on pediatrics | 5 years old |
| What is cephalcaudal development | directional growth from head to toe |
| What is proximodistal development | growth from midline to peripheral |
| What is the common developmental screening tool used | Denver II |
| What is the infant Erickson's stage | Trust vs Mistrust |
| What occurs during the infant Erickson's stage | Getting needs met Tolerating frustration in small doses Recognizing mother as distinct from others |
| What is toddler Erickson's stage | Autonomy vs Shame and doubt |
| What occurs during the toddler Erickson's stage | Trying out own powers of speech Beginning acceptance of reality versus pleasure principle |
| What is preschooler Erickson's stage | Initiative vs guilt |
| What occurs during the preschooler Erickson's stage | Questioning Exploring own body and environment Differentiation of sexes |
| What is the school age Erickson's stage | Industry vs Inferiority |
| What occurs during the school age Erickson's stage | Learning to win recognition by producing things Exploring, collecting, learning to relate own sex |
| What is adolescence Erickson's stage | Identity vs Role confusion |
| What occurs during the adolescence Erickson's stage | Moving toward heterosexuality Selecting vocation Beginning separation from family Integrating personality |
| How is growth charts documented | by percentiles |
| How do you calculate how many teeth a child under the age of 2 years should have | Age of child (in months) subtract 6 |
| At what age do the permanent teeth erupt | 6 years old |
| When should you start cleaning a child's teeth | As soon as they erupt |
| When should the first dentist appointment occur | one year old |
| When should fluoride toothpaste be used | age 1-2 or when trusted they will not swallow it |
| At what age can the child brush their teeth unsupervised | 8 years old |
| What is important to share with parents about a newborn's weight | 10% of weight will be lost in the first 3-4 days |
| What is the moro reflex | Spread limbs out when a startling noise occurs Also referred as the starfish reflex |
| What is the palmar grasp | Holding onto object placed in hand |
| What is tonic neck reflex | extend arm and leg out when looking to the side |
| What is the babinski reflex | flare toes when tickled |
| What is the rooting reflex | touching their cheek and baby will try to suckle |
| When does the grasp reflex disappear | 3 months old |
| When does the pincher grasp establish | 1 year old |
| Physical development of 3 month old | Supports head steadily |
| Physical development of 6 months old | Birth weight doubles Rolls over Maternal iron stores decreases |
| Physical development of 8 month old | Sits steadily on own |
| Physical development of 9 month old | Creeping |
| Physical development of a one year old | Birth weight triples Walking (12-15 months old) |
| Why is it important to pick up and coddle baby when crying for the first 6 months of life | Establishes a healthy personality, emotional growth and trust with others knowing their needs will be met if they cry |
| What is colic | periods of unexplained irritability and crying |
| What causes colic | Unknown |
| How do you treat colic | Hold infant face down and close to body while supporting abdomen Change formula if not breastfeeding |
| What is a healthy sleep pattern of a newborn | 2-4 hour intervals |
| When should sleeping patterns increase to 8 hour intervals | 4-6 months |
| At what age should self-soothing be taught | starting at 6 months |
| What route are live vaccines given | Subcutaneous |
| What vaccines are live | MMR, Varicella, Rotavirus |
| At what age should solid foods be started | 5-6 months |
| What is often the recommended first solid food | Rice cereal |
| How often should ingredients be introduced | every 4-7 days |
| When can cow milk be given | 1 year old |
| What abilities are achieved at age 12-16 months | Begin to walk follow simple commands |
| What abilities are achieved at age 24 months | Jumps on both feet uses two word sentences |
| What abilities are achieved at age 36 months | Jumps on one foot Frequently asks "why" and "how" |
| When do you start potty training | 18-24 months |
| How often should a child be brought to the bathroom while potty training | Every 2 hours while awake |
| How much milk can and infant consume in one day | No more than 24 ounces |
| How much food should be given to a toddler | one tablespoon per year of age |
| At what age do sexual curiosity behaviors start | Preschool age |
| What are behaviors of 3 year old | Wants to assist in simple tasks Less temper tantrums Can dress, use toilet and eat independently |
| What are behaviors of a 4 year old | "Watch me" Starts to ask about death Boisterous |
| What are behaviors of a 5 year old | Follows rules Talks constantly Serious about what they can and cannot do |
| What is enuresis | Defined as involuntary urination after the age at which bladder control should have been established |
| What is primary enuresis | When there never was bladder control |
| What is secondary enuresis | Bed wetter after child has bladder control for 1+ years |
| What is dinural enuresis | daytime wetting |
| What is nocturnal enuresis | nighttime wetting |
| What does therapeutic play help | aides recovery |
| What is art therapy used for | communication with children and adults |
| What does industry mean for school age children | attempt and master activities like music, sports and art |
| What is concrete operations for school age children | logical thinking and understanding |
| What do friendships mean for school aged children | Prefer company of same sex friends over siblings |
| What is the average weight growth for school aged children | 5 1/2 - 7 pounds per year |
| How much physical activity should a school age child have | at least one hour |
| At what age are children more responsible in regards to having a pet | 7 years old |
| How much sleep should a 6 year old get | 11-13 hours |
| What is characteristics of a 7 year old | Quieter behaviors, increasingly independent, articulates feelings |
| At what age do nervous tics generally develop | 9 years old |
| How much sleep should a 9 year old get | 10 hours Too little can cause cranky, irritable behaviors and decline in school performance |
| What is a 10 year old considered | Pre-adolescence |
| Who matures more quickly | females |
| What does adolescence mean | Begins with the appearance of secondary sex characteristics and ends with the cessation of growth and emotional maturity |
| What factors occur with adolescence | Bodily rapidly changing, experiences intense sexual drive, Question life- search of sense of identity |
| What occurs with females during puberty | Menarche- first period Development of breasts |
| When do menstruation cycles usually begin | age 12-13 years old |
| What is sense of identity for adolescence | Desire for freedom and independence extremely important and necessary for developing individuality |
| When does separation from family usually begin | adolescence |
| What level of sun screen should be used | at least SPF 30 |
| What is the PACE interview | Identifying risks for drug/alcohol use of if it has already began with adolescence |
| What does the "P" in PACE stand for | Parents, peers and pot- questions concerning parents, relationships with peers and attitude toward and exposure to marijuana |
| What does the "A" stand for in PACE | Alcohol, automobiles- questions concerning alcohol use and driving record |
| What does the "C" stand for in PACE | Cigarettes- discuss smoking history |
| What does the "E" stand for in PACE | education - discuss attitude and performance in school |
| What identifies an adolescent to be an at risk child when it comes to PACE | 2 or more of the discussions are problem areas |
| How long should a child be rear facing in a car seat | until at least age 2 |
| Latchkey children are higher risk of feeling isolated and subject to a higher rate of | Accidents |
| What age do infants begin to suffer separation anxiety | 9 months |
| One of the best ways to promote mastery of language in preschool is to | Engage in interactive reading |
| When is toilet training usually complete | age 2-3 years old |
| What nutrient is adolescence most likely to be deficient in | Calcium |
| Why do breastfed babies require feeding more often | breast milk is more easily digestible than formula |
| Bedtime habits should include | Specific rituals |
| A common characteristic of toddler | performing rituals |
| What is an effective guidance for managing toddler behavior issues | Reward good behaviors |
| Which age category is characterized by disorganization and children who are intense, observant, all-knowing, energetic, meddlesome, and argumentative | 11-12 years |
| Studies have documented that after the age 7 years, children can be responsible for care of a family pet and that pets | improve medical outcomes after surgery |
| At what age do children begin to have refined motor skills, such as cutting with scissors | 4 years old |
| One of the developmental hallmarks of the toddler that most frequently give rise to safety hazards is: | need to explore |
Created by:
morganwipf
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