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Biology Chapter 1

TermDefinition
organism A living thing that has all the characteristics of living things.
cell smallest unit of life that performs all life functions
unicellular Made of a single cell
multicellular Consisting of many cells
stimulus any event or situation that causes a response. (Internal and external)
response a reaction to a stimulus
homeostasis process by which organisms maintain a stable internal environment. Without, organism becomes sick and dies.
sexual reproduction A reproductive process that involves two parents that produce an offspring. Genetically a combination of both parents alleles.
asexual reproduction Process by which a single parent reproduces by itself. Genetically identical to the parent.
evolution The gradual change in a species over a very long period of time
Growth increase in size
development the process of change that occurs during an organism's life to produce a more complex organism
DNA Dyoxyribonnucleic acid. universal genetic code. Genetic material organisms inherit from parents.
Metabolism the combination of chemical reactions through which an organism builds up or breaks down materials
Interdependence in nature All life forms on Earth are connected into a biosphere.
unity and diversity of life all living things are fundamentally similar at the molecular level.
structure and function each major group of organisms has evolved structures that make particular functions possible
Observation process of noticing and describing events or processes in a careful, orderly way.
Inference A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge and experience.
Hypothesis Possible explanation for a set of observations or possible answer to a scientific question. Made up of inference and creative imagination. If Independent Variable then Dependent Variable.
Controlled Experiment Experiment in which only one variable (independent variable) is changed. Done so that we know what causes the change.
Independent Variable Factor in a controlled experiment that is deliberately changed; also called manipulated variable.
Dependent Variable Variable that is observed and that changes in response to the independent variable; also called the responding variable
control group Opposite of experimental group. The group where the independent variable is changed.
data evidence gathered from experiments or observations, could either support or reject a hypothesis
Theory A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations and hypotheses and enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations. NOT THE ABSOLUTE TRUTH. Can be proven wrong and changed.
Bias a particular preference or point of view that is personal, rather than scientific. Bad.
Biology Scientific study of life or what was once living.
Science the use of evidence to construct testable explanation and predictions of natural phenomena, as well as the knowledge generated through this process. Based on the view that the physical universe is composed of interacting parts and processes.
Scientific Methodology Observe and ask questions, Inferring and forming a hypothesis, designing controlled experiments, collecting and analyzing data, interpreting data and draw conclusions (look for patterns). 5 steps. Can back-track any time.
Qualities of scientists Curiosity, Skepticism, Creativity, open-mindness.
Peer Review Scientists share findings with other scientists and they review them for fraud, oversights, mistakes, or bias, to make sure the articles meet the highest standard of quality. Better to read review when researching instead of actual first paper.
Viruses At the border of living and non-living things. Made up of protiens, nucleic acid, and sometimes lipids. Parasites becuase they depend on living things to give life. After infecting, they reproduce, regulate gene expression, and evolve.
Characteristics of living things All are made up of cells, reproduce, based on DNA, grow and develop, obtain and use materials and energy, respond to stimuli, maintain homeostasis, and evolve.
Differentation When a single fertilized egg cell divides again and again to produce the many cells of mature organisms. The change shape and structure from each other because they preform different functions.
What biology revolves around cause and effect, systems and system models, stability and change, patterns, scale proportion and quantity, energy and matter, flows cycles and conservation, and structure and function.
Number of kinds of organisms found 1.8 million but between 2 and 100 million more are waiting.
The goal of science To provide natural and testable explanations for events in the natural world and then use them to make predictions about natural events.
Created by: I love bagels
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