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Nursing 250
Common Brain Imaging Techniques
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Electrical: Recording Electrical Signals From the Brain | Electroencephalography (EEG) |
| Electroencephalography (EEG) | Description: A recording of electrical signals from the brain made by hooking up electrodes to the patient’s scalp. Uses: Can show the state a person is in—asleep, awake, anesthetized—because the characteristic patterns of current differ for each of these states. Psychiatric Relevance and Preliminary Findings: Provides support from a wide range of sources that brain abnormalities exist; may lead to further testing. |
| Structural: Show Gross Anatomical Details of Brain Structures | Computed tomography (CT) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
| Computed tomography (CT) | Description: A series of x-ray images is taken of the brain and a computer analysis produces “slices” providing a precise 3D-like reconstruction of each segment. Uses: Can detect: Lesions Abrasions Areas of infarct Aneurysm Psychiatric Relevance and Preliminary Findings: Schizophrenia Cortical atrophy Third ventricle enlargement Cognitive disorders |
| Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) | Description: A magnetic field is applied to the brain. The nuclei of hydrogen atoms absorb and emit radio waves that are analyzed by computer, which provides 3D visualization of brain structure in sectional images. Uses: Can detect: Brain edema Ischemia Infection Neoplasm Trauma Psychiatric Relevance and Preliminary Findings: Schizophrenia Enlarged ventricles Reduction in temporal lobe and prefrontal lobe |
| Functional: Show Some Activity of the Brain | Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) Positron emission tomography (PET) Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
| Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) | Description: Measures brain activity indirectly by changes in blood oxygen in different parts of the brain as subjects participate in various activities. Uses: (Same as MRI) Psychiatric Relevance and Preliminary Findings: (Same as MRI) |
| Positron emission tomography (PET) | Description: Radioactive substance (tracer) is injected, travels to the brain, and is detected as bright spots on the scan. Data collected by the detectors are relayed to a computer, which produces images of the activity and 3D visualization of the brain. Uses: Can detect: Oxygen utilization Glucose metabolism Blood flow Neurotransmitter-receptor interaction Psychiatric Relevance and Preliminary Findings: Schizophrenia Increased D2, D3 receptors in caudate nucleus Abnormalities in limbic sys |
| Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) | Description: Similar to PET but uses radionuclides that emit gamma radiation (photons). Measures various aspects of brain functioning and provides images of multiple layers of the brain. Uses: Can detect: Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid Similar functions to PET Psychiatric Relevance and Preliminary Findings: (Same as PET Scan) |
Created by:
bonitasoul
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