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Chap. 2 Geo Reading

Chapter 2 orange book - Geography Reading

QuestionAnswer
agricultural density the ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture
arithmetic density the total number of people divided by the total land area
census a complete enumeration of a population
crude birth rate (CBR) the total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
crude death rate (CDR) the total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
demographic transition the process of change in a society's population from a condition of high CBR, CDR & low NIR to a condition of low CBR, CDR, NIR & higher total population
demography the scientific study of population characteristics
dependency ratio the number of people under age 15 & over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force
doubling time the number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
ecumene the portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement
epidemiology transition distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
epidemiology the branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, & control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time & are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
industrial revolution a series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
infant mortality rate (IMR) the total number of deaths in a year among infants under one year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society
life expectancy the average number of years an individual can be expected to live given current social, economic, & medical conditions
medical revolution improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries & enabled more people to live longer & healthier lives
natural increase rate (NIR) the percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR minus the CDR & divided by 10
overpopulation a situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
pandemic disease that occurs over a wide geographic area & affects a very high proportion of the population
physiological density the number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture
population pyramid a bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age & sex
sex ratio the number of males per 100 females in the population
total fertility rate (TFR) the AVERAGE number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years (15-49)
zero population growth (ZPG) a decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
Created by: jeanay26
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