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Week 2 A&P
Ch 3&4
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Polysaccharide is a lipid. | False it is one of the three types of carbohydrates. |
| What term is often used to describe certain arrangements of atoms attached to the carbon core of many organic molecules? | functional group |
| What determines how a protein performs? | shape |
| The lipid that is often referred to as a tissue hormone is | prostaglandin. |
| A saturated fatty acid is one in which all available bonds of its hydrocarbon chain are filled. | True |
| A triglyceride is composed of a glycerol molecule and three of the same type of fatty acid. | False |
| "A very large molecule composed of subunits of sugar a nitrogen base and a phosphate bond is a" | nucleic acid. |
| When two amino acids are joined a peptide bond is formed and an H+ ion is released." | False |
| RNA and DNA have the same pyrimidine bases but different purine bases. | False |
| ATP | is the form of energy that cells generally use. |
| DNA and RNA are important because | information molecules. |
| Which of the following is polymer of glucose that is sometimes referred to as animal starch? | Glycogen |
| Proteins are polymers of | amino acids. |
| All proteins have which four elements? | "carbon |
| Chaperone proteins assist in the proper folding of other proteins so they can have the correct functional shape. | True |
| Which term means “water loving” and applies to the phospholipid head? | hydrophilic |
| The most important monosaccharide is | glucose. |
| Any large molecule made up of many identical small molecules is called a(n) | polymer. |
| The carbon-containing molecules formed by living things are often called | organic molecules. |
| "In base pairing of DNA molecules _____ is bound to _____." | adenine; thymine |
| Which energy-releasing or energy-transferring molecule does not contain a nucleotide? | Creatine phosphate |
| Which of the following is not one of the major groups of organic substances in the human body? | Salts |
| Amino acids frequently become joined by: | peptide bonds. |
| Prostaglandins and steroids share which of the following characteristics? | Both have a ring structure in their molecule. |
| "If one side of a DNA molecule is CTAGGCTG the other side would be:" | GATCCGAC. |
| Which of the following is not true of both triglycerides and phospholipids? | They both contain a hydrophobic and hydrophilic end. |
| What is the most important factor in determining the physical and chemical properties of fatty acids? | Degree of saturation |
| Peptide bonds join together molecules of: | amino acids. |
| The roles played by proteins can be divided into which categories? | Structural and functional |
| The amino group in an amino acid is: | NH3+. |
| "When two molecules of glucose are joined they form which disaccharide?" | Maltose |
| Which lipid acts as a “tissue hormone”? | Prostaglandin |
| The alpha helix is an example of which level of protein structure? | Secondary |
| The element that is present in all proteins but not in carbohydrates is: | nitrogen. |
| Which lipid is part of vitamin D? | Steroids |
| "Which level of protein structure refers to the number kind and sequence of amino acids?" | Primary |
| All of the following substances are organic except: | electrolytes. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| "The types of lipids found that form hormones such as cortisone estrogen and testosterone are:" | steroids. |
| Which of the following is true of RNA? | It contains ribose sugar. |
| The basic building blocks of fats are: | fatty acids and glycerol. |
| "The term glycoprotein a combination of two words tells you that the compound is made of _____ with _____ being the dominant component." | carbohydrate and protein; protein |
| "Humans can synthesize 13 of 21 basic amino acids; the remaining 8 which must be included in the diet are called:" | essential amino acids. |
| A structural lipid found in the cell membrane is a: | triglyceride. steroid |
| DNA: | is a double-helix strand of nucleotides. |
| Unsaturated fats: | will kink or bend because of the double bonds between the carbon atoms. |
| "Sometimes referred to as animal starch _____ is the main polysaccharide in the body." | glycogen |
| A _____ is a functional group that is temporarily unattached and is highly reactive because of unpaired electrons. | free radical |
| The type of lipoprotein associated with “bad” cholesterol and the production of atherosclerotic changes in blood vessels is: | LDL. |
| "What can form as the result of a chemical reaction between acids and bases | are electrolytes will form crystals if the water is removed. " |
| "The elements carbon hydrogen oxygen and nitrogen make up which percentage of the human body?" | 96% |
| What dissociates very little in solution. | A weak acid |
| "As the concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) increases | the pH rises |
| The type of chemical reaction most likely to require energy is a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| Which of the following are subatomic particles? | proton, electron, neutron |
| Chemical bonds formed by the sharing of electrons are called: | covalent. |
| Hydrogen bonds result from unequal charge distribution on a molecule. Such molecules are said to be | polar. |
| The reaction between hydrogen and oxygen needed to form water is an example of a: | synthesis reaction. |
| "As the concentration of hydrogen ions increases the pH goes _____ and the solution becomes more _____." | down; acidic |
| The most abundant element essential to life is | carbon. |
| "For sodium to transform from a neutral atom to a positive ion it must:" | lose an electron. |
| "The element oxygen has an atomic number of 8 which means it contains:" | eight protons. |
| A chemical bond formed by the sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between the outer shells of two atoms is called a(n) _____ bond. | covalent |
| What term is used to describe all of the chemical reactions that occur in body cells? | metabolism |
| An element that contains the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons is called a(n) | isotope. |
| Hydrolysis _____ a water molecule. | breaks down compounds by adding |
| As a result of which reaction during catabolism is a water molecule added to break a larger compound into smaller subunits? | hydrolysis |
| An atom can be described as chemically inert if its outermost electron shell contains _____ electrons. | eight |
| A substance that cannot be broken down or decomposed into two or more different substances is called a(n) | element. |
| Acids | release hydrogen ions. |
| Electrolytes are: | called cations if they have a positive charge. |
| Which subatomic particles carry a charge? | Protons and electrons |
| The atomic number tells you the | number of protons in the nucleus. |
| Which type of chemical reaction results in the breakdown of a complex substance into two or more simpler substances? | decomposition reaction |
| "The water molecule has two distinct ends each with a partial electrical charge. Because of this structure water is said to be" | polar. |
| The total number of electrons in a neutral atom equals the number of: | protons in its nucleus. |
| A molecule that is polar: | can form a hydrogen bond. has an unequal charge. |
| "Acids | bases |
| What decomposition reaction requires the addition of a water molecule to break a bond? | hydrolysis |
| Ionic bonds are chemical bonds formed by the: | transfer of electrons from one atom to another. |
| "Atoms with fewer than eight electrons in the outer energy level will attempt to lose gain or share electrons with other atoms to achieve stability. This tendency is called the" | octet rule. |
| A force holding two atoms together is a(n) | chemical bond. |
| "In the presence of a base red litmus paper will:" | turn blue. |
| An isotope of an element contains different numbers of ____ from other atoms of the same element. | neutrons |
| "A magnesium atom has an atomic number of 12 an atomic mass of 25 and a +2 charge. This atom would contain _____ protons _____ neutrons and _____ electrons." | 12; 13; 10 |
| The process of the digestion of food is an example of which type of reaction? | Decomposition |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism. |
| anabolism. | |
| ATP requirements. | |
| Approximately what percentage of the body weight of an adult female is water? | 50% |
| Which of the following bonds are the weakest? | Hydrogen |
| The approximate pH of gastric fluid is: | 2. |
| The hydrogen isotope tritium consists of: | one proton and two neutrons. |
| "As the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+) increases | the:" |
| The most abundant and important compound(s) in the body is(are): | water. |
| The study of metabolism includes examination of: | catabolism. anabolism atp requirements |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| "When atoms combine they may gain lose or share:" | electrons. |
| A negatively charged subatomic particle that moves around the nucleus is a(n): | electron. |
| AB + CD → AD + CB is an example of a(n) _____ reaction. | exchange |
| Atomic mass is determined by the number of: | protons and neutrons. |
| An example of an element would be: | Ne. |
| Which of the following is not one of the major elements present in the human body? | Zinc |
| An example of a catabolic process is: | hydrolysis. |
| The formation of sucrose involves the removal of a molecule of water. This is called: | dehydration synthesis. |
| The octet rule refers to the: | stability of the atom when there are eight electrons in the outermost energy level. |
| Which of the following represents properties of water? | High specific heat |
| Carbon has an atomic number of 6. The number of electrons found in the first shell is: | two. |
| The atomic number of carbon is 6. How many unpaired electrons are in its outer shell? | Four |
| Acids: | are proton donors. taste sour, donate in aqueous soluition |
| Which of the following represents a trace element in the body? | Iron |
| Which of the following elements is least likely to combine with another element? | Helium |
| The kind of element is determined by the number of: | protons. |
| An ionic bond is formed by: | a positive and a negative ion attracting each other. |
| The type of reaction in which substances are combined to form more complex substances is called a(n) _____ reaction. | synthesis |
| Substances that accept hydrogen ions are called: | bases. |
| A solution that contains a greater concentration of hydroxide ions (OH–) than hydrogen ions (H+) is a(n) _____ solution. | alkaline (basic) |
Created by:
charleycleland
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