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Compound Fixatives

Functions of compound fixatives

TermDefinition
Bouin Picric acid, formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid -Red blood cells are lysed (by acetic acid) -Iron and small calcium deposits dissolved (by picric acid) -Excellent for tissues of GI tract and endocrine -Not good for EM or nucleic acids
Gendre Saturated alcoholic picric acid, formaldehyde and glacial acetic acid -Excellent fixative for preserving glycogen -Yellow color from picric acid should be removed with 80% alcohol
Hollande Picric acid, copper acetate, formaldehyde, acetic acid and distilled water -Small bone specimens can be decalcified -Good for use on GI Biopsies -Copper acetate will help to stabilize rbc (see less lysis than with Bouin)
Zamboni Saturated aqueous picric acid, paraformaldehyde, phosphate buffer and distilled water -Stable but not widely used. Good general fixative. - Can be used as primary fixative for EM (instead of glutaraldehyde), before osmium tetroxide.
B5 Stock Solution: Mercuric chloride, sodium acetate, distilled water Working solution: Stock + formaldehyde (10:1) -Excellent for many antigens -Good for hematopoietic or lymphoreticular tissue -Demonstrates better nuclear detail than formalin
Zenker - Helly (Helly working) Mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate and distilled water + formaldehyde (Not stable in working solution) -Formalin pigment may also be seen with Helly -Presence of heavy metals makes these fixatives unsuitable for silver staining tech
Zenker - Helly (Zenker working) Mercuric chloride, potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate and distilled water + glacial acetic acid -Will lyse rbc but better nuclear staining than with Helly -Zenker indicated for use as fixative in staining method for muscle striations
Orth Stock Solution: Potassium dichromate, sodium sulfate and water Working Solution: Stock + formaldehyde (added just before use) -Not suitable for routine fixation -Preferred fixative to demonstrate chromaffin granules in the cytoplasm of adrenal medulla
4CF-1G Formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, sodium hydroxide and phosphate buffer -Indicated for use as a dual purpose fixative: primary use for routine processing and provides stability for storage for secondary EM processing up to 3 months later
Davidson 95% ethanol, 10% neutral buffered formalin, glacial acetic acid and distilled water -For use with eye and testes specimens -Shrinkage/hardening effects of alcohol are balanced by swelling/softening effects of acetic acid -This makes microtomy easier
Carnoy Absolute ethanol, chloroform and glacial acetic acid -Lysis of red blood cells -Preserves glycogen -Good nuclear preservation -Extracts lipids -Rapid acting fixative, should not be fixed more than 4 hours -Causes shrinking and hardening of tissue
Clarke Absolute alcohol and glacial acetic acid -Good for microanatomical preservation of tissue components for light microscopy -Has been used historically longer than many other fixatives
Created by: moreandmore
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