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FAMILY EXAM #2

ONLY MEDICATIONS

QuestionAnswer
SYSTEMIC ANALGESIA Pain relief can occur within minutes and lasts for several hours. Most serious complication includes respiratory depression.
NEURAXIAL ANALGESIA / ANESTHESIA Is the administration of analgesic (opioids) or anesthetic (capable of producing a loss of sensation in an area of the body) agents, either continuously or intermittently, into the epidural or intrathecal space to relieve pain. It does not interfere with the progress or outcome of the labor. There is no need to withhold until the active stage of labor. Can include low-dose and ultra-low-dose epidural analgesia, spinal analgesia, and combined spinal-epidural.
BENZODIAZEPINES Used for minor tranquilizing and sedative effects. Can be administered to calm the mother who feels out of control, enabling relaxation. May cause CNS depression for both the woman and the newborn
DIAZEPAM (VALIUM) Given to enhance pain relief of opioid and cause sedation. May be used to stop eclamptic seizures, decreases nausea and vomiting. Can cause newborn depression, so the lowest possible dose should be given. Given IV
MIDAZOLAM (VERSED) Not used for analgesic but for amnesia. Is used as adjunct for anesthesia. Is excreted in breastmilk. Given IV
ANTIEMETICS May be given in combination with an opioid to decrease nausea and vomiting and lessen anxiety. Potentiate the effectiveness of the opioid so that a lesser dose can be given. Does not affect the progress of labor, but can cause a decrease in FHR variability and possible newborn depression
HYDROXYZINE (VISTARIL) Does not relieve pain, but reduces anxiety, and potentiates opioid analgesic effects. Cannot given IV. Decreases nausea and vomiting. Can only be given IM
PROMESTHAZINE (PHENERGAN) Used for nausea and vomiting when combined with opioids. Causes sedation and reduces apprehension. May contribute to maternal hypotension and neonatal depression. Can be given IV or IM
PROCHLORPERAZINE (COMPAZINE) Frequently given with morphine sulfate for sleep during prolonged latent phase. Counteracts the nausea that opioids cause. Can be given IV or IM
MORPHINE Decreases uterine contractions. Can cause maternal and neonatal CNS depression. Rapidly crosses the placenta. Causes a decrease in FHR variability. May be given IV or epidurally
MEPERIDINE (DEMEROL) Can cause CNS depression. Decreases fetal variability. May be given IV, intrathecally, or epidurally with maximal fetal uptake 2-3 hours after administration
BUTORPHANOL (STADOL) Rapidly transferred across the placenta. Causes neonatal respiratory depression. Is given IV
NALBUPHINE (NUBAIN) Causes maternal nausea and vomiting. Causes decreased FHR variability, fetal bradycardia, and respiratory depression. Is given IV
FENTANYL (SUBLIMAZE) Can cause maternal hypotension, maternal and fetal respiratory depression. Rapidly crosses the placenta. Is given IV or epidurally.
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