Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Pain Man/nur 317
test 2 syudy guide/ pain management
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is pain? | "Pain is whatever the experiencing person says it is, existing whenever he says it does." |
| Describe how we should view pain as a nurse: | It is a subjective response to physical & psychological stressors. Unpleasant sensory & emotional experience, serves as a protective role for the body and is the Fifth Vital Sign. |
| What is the personal meaning of the experience of pain? | Only the one feeling the pain truly knows and is affected by the pain. |
| What are some of the aspects associated with pain? | Cognitive, physical, and emotional. |
| What part of the body does pain effect and how? | Negatively and the entire body. |
| What is the a purpose of pain? | To serve as a warning of actual or potential trauma. |
| What type of pain is real? | All PAIN IS REAL!! If the client says they are in pain, they are in pain! |
| How do we perceive pain? | Via the sensory neurons and responded to the motor neurons (PNS) |
| Where is painful stimuli cognitively analyzed? | At the synapses of the Spinal cord and the CNS, this leads to a response. |
| What happens when highly intense painful stimuli is present? | An immediate reflex may occur before the person is aware of the pain. |
| What is the Neurophysiology of pain? | How we perceive it or how it is perceived. |
| What is the inhibitory mechanism (Analgesia system)? | A group of mid brain neurons that transmit impulses to the pons & medulla, these stimulate a pain inhibitory center in the dorsal horns of the spinal cord. Example: Endorphins & endogenous morphines) |
| What are somethings which may affect one's perception of pain? | Past experiences, motivation, Attention, personality, & culture. |
| What are the different types of pain? | Acute, chronic, breakthrough,central, phantom, psychogenic pain. |
| Describe Acute Pain. | Starts suddenly,usually temporary, lasting 6 months or less, localized to a certain area of the body, identifiable cause: appendicitis causes acute pain. Sx may cause acute pain. |
| Describe the three types of ACUTE PAIN: | Somatic: may be sharp or diffused, may have N/V with it. Visceral:comes from organs, usually dull& poorly localized, may radiate or be referred (ex: gallbladder stones) Referred pain: perceived in an area distant from site of stimuli. |
| Describe the types of chronic pain: | Recurrent acute pain:well defined episodes of pain, migraine headaches, sickle cell crisis. Ongoing time-limited pain: persists for a definite period and ends w/ control of disease, rehabilitation, or death. |
| Describe types of chronic pain: | Chronic NON_Malignant pain/ cancer pain: not life threatening but persists past time of expected healing. |
| Chronic Intractable Non-malignant pain syndrome: | A type of chronic pain in which the client is unable to cope well with the pain, may be mild or severe pain, the pain itself becomes the pathologic disease. |
| What is Breakthrough Pain? | A type of which exceeds the baseline of treated or untreated pain. Sudden flare up that exceeds analgesic effect of a long-acting pain medication. May be malignant or non-malignant.Temp/but often debilitating pain. Incident pain (pain with movement) |
| What is central Pain? | Related to brain lesion and may be caused by a vascular tumor, lesion, or inflammation. |
| What is the most common type of central pain? | Thalamic pain: severe and spontaneous. Often continuous. |
| What may happen to a pt. experiencing Thalamic pain? | May loose perception of body position and movement may be lost. |
| What may be related to Central pain? | Hyperesthesia may occur to the opposite side of the thalamus lesion. |
| What is phantom pain? | When pt. feels pain at site of amputation possibly due to stimulation of nerves at the site. |
| What are the s&s of phantom pain? | itching, tingling, and pressure.Severe cases may include: burning & stabbing sensations. |
| What is psychogenic pain? | When there is pain with no diagnosis or physiologic reason for pain. May be from emotional needs. Pain is real and may lead to physiologic changes. Involves long hx of severe pain. |
| What are the factors which AFFECT HOW ONE MAY have an individualized response to pain? | Age, sociocultural influences, emotional status, past experiences w/ pain, lack of knowledge, and meaning associated with the pain. |
| What are some of the Myths & Misconceptions concerning pain? | Pain is a result not a cause, chronic pain is really a masked form of depression, Narcotic meds are too risky to be used for chronic pain. It is best to wait until the pt. has pain to give med. |
| What are some of the Myths associated with pain treatment? | Many client's lie about the existence of pain & pain relief will interfere with a diagnosis. |
| What are three responses to pain? | Pain Threshold, Perceptual dominance, & Pain tolerance. |
| Describe a pain threshold: | It is a point when a stimulus is perceived as pain. |
| Describe a perceptual dominance as a response to pain: | Pain at one location may cause an increase in the threshold in another location. |
| What is pain tolerance? | The duration of time or intensity of pain that a person will endure before initiation of pain responses. |
| What are some complementary therapeutic approaches to pain? | Acupuncture, Bio-feeback,hypnotism, relaxation, distraction, cutaneous stimulation, Physical therapy, Message, chiropractic, TENS, traction. |
| Describe interdisciplinary care for pt./ client experiencing pain: | NSAIDs: Analgesic, antipyretic, & anti-inflammatory action. Narcotics: opioid. |
| What is an example of interdisciplinary care for a client in pain? | Antidepressants: act on the retention of serotonin, this inhibits the pain sensation. Anti-convulsants:used for headache, & neuropathic pain. |
| What are local anesthetics? | they are used to treat pain by blocking the transmission of nerve impulses, which results in blocking the pain. |
| What is Cordotomy? | A surgical procedure used to treat pain by making an incision into the anterolateral tracts of the spinal cord to interpret the transmission of pain. |
| What is a neurectomy? | when a part of the nerve is removed during surgery. |
| What is Sympathectomy? | The destruction of the ganglia by incision or injection. |
| Explain a Rhizotomy: | This is a surgical severing of the dorsal spinal roots. |
| Explain spinal cord stimulation: | It uses a power source to send a signal to your spine. These signals help block the pain by replacing it with a more pleasant feeling. |
| How would you apply the Nursing Process in order to provide individualized care for clients in pain? | Assess the client's level of pain, establish a nursing diagnosis, plan & implement a care plan, evaluate the client's response to the care plan. |
| Explain the different pain scales: | Visual analog scale (VAS) 0-10 numerical pain intensity scale Simple descriptive pain intensity scale |
Created by:
ndthompson
Popular Nursing sets