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N370-03: Renal
Signs & Symptoms pt. 1
| Dx | Manifestations/Causes |
|---|---|
| Azotemia | Accumulation of nitrogenous wastes in the blood (urea, uric acid, creatinine) -> manifested in LABS ONLY; wastes not filtered out so it builds up in the blood i.e. pressure in the glomeruli (post-renal causes); poor clearance and function |
| Uremia | Azotemia with CLINICAL S/SX (i.e. nausea, vomiting, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, muscle cramps, pruritus, or changes in mental status) |
| Uremic syndrome | HYPERuremia (too much BUN) s/sx + lab manifestations of uremia -> have progressed to ESRD. |
| Uremic | ______ toxicity/syndrome manifests inc BUN+Cr, ENCEPHALOPATHY & SEIZURES d/t accumulation of toxins, HALITOSIS - bad breath d/t ulcers; pruritus d/t toxins under skin; A/N/V; bleeding d/t platelet dysf. |
| Oliguric (retention d/t very low UO) | AKI phase that shows Na may inc or dec (relative), K inc, Phosphorus inc, Ca dec; pH dec (acidic) d/t H+ ions retention & can't make HCO3, uremic toxicity d/t build up |
| Diuretic (good fluid loss d/t very high UO) | AKI phase that shows dec in Na, dec in K, dec in Phosphorus, inc in Ca; ABGs gradually resolves; uremic toxicity gradually resolves |
| Hyperkalemia | During an increase of this electrolyte, we see unstable cardiac rhythms. It's also known as _____. |
| Hypocalcemia | During a decrease of this electrolyte, we see chvostek and trousseau's signs. |
| Chronic renal failure | _______ presents with lethargy, weakness, loss of appetite, edema, 30-40% normal function left. |
| ESRD | Less than 15% of normal function means ______. |
| False | T or F: Disruptions in K+ and Ca+ CANNOT cause cardiac changes. |
| Peritonitis | Inc BP, inc pulse, dehydration, pain (all d/t infection), dec bowel sounds (body is fighting infection so parasympathetic is inhibited), fever, N/V, anorexia (can't absorb nutrients), inc WBC, and rigid abdomen with distention are all s/sx of _____. |
| Disequilibrium syndrome | The symptoms of ______ are caused by cerebral edema and seizures d/t osmotic shifting of H20 during change in ECF/ICF osmolarity -> intracellular space needs to readapt from removal of wastes and inc water |
| Early | N/V, headache, blurred vision, restlessness/agitation, and disorientation are (early/late) signs of disequilibrium syndrome. |
| Kidney transplant rejection | Elevated BUN+Cr and K+, dec creatinine clearance, dec urine output, graft tenderness & enlargement (infection), low-grade temperature as long as there's fever (infection), inc BP b/c RAAS is kicking in are s/sx of ______ after transplant. |
| True | T or F: kidney transplant drugs have certain SE such as secondary infection d/t immunosuppression, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, delayed wound healing d/t hyperglycemia & stress response, fevers, itching, FVO |
| BPH | Reduced urine stream, hesitancy initiating stream, difficulty continuing, inability to stop stream, post-void dribbling, sensation of incomplete bladder empty, inc nocturia, and hematuria are questions to used to screen for _____. |
| FUN = Frequency, Urgency, Nocturia | Prostate problems are no "____" (hematuria, inc infections, inc residual urine, dec urinary stream). |
Created by:
yortiz
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