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Vital Signs
Vital Signs
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| vital signs | it gives some indication of the state of an individual |
| 5 vital signs | temperature, pulse, respiration, blood pressure and pain |
| temperature | product of body heat |
| BMR | basal metabolic rate |
| hormones that affect metabolic rate | epinepherine, norepinephrine and testosterone |
| acts as the thermostat to control body temperature | hypothalamus |
| what are the body temperature regulation | radiation, conduction, convection and evaporation |
| what is the most accurate body temp measurement | tympanic membrane measurement |
| what is the normal temp? | 96.5 to 99.5 |
| axillary temperature is approx how much lower than oral temp? | 1 F lower |
| rectal temp is approx how much higher than oral temp? | 1 F higher |
| how do you convert F to C? | (F - 32) * 5/9 = Celcius |
| how do you convert C to F? | (C * 9/5) + 32= Fahreinheit |
| what are the factors affecting body temp measurement? | time of day, environmental temp, age of patient, physical exercise, menstrual cycle or stress, eating, drinking and mouth breathing |
| pyrexia | temp higher than 100.2 F |
| diaphoresis | is exessive sweat production in an effort to cool the body |
| hypothermia | body temperature lower than 94 F |
| who are the people at risk for hypothermia? | infants, surgical patients in the OR, elderly exposed to cold for prolonged periods, ppl exposed to extreme cold weather, ppl exposed to cold water immersion |
| pulse | is produced by cardiac contractions causing pressure wave against the walls of arteries |
| where is cardiac contractions normally initiated? | sinoatrial node |
| what is the cardiac output? | stroke volume x heart rate |
| what is the ave for adult for cardiac output? | approx 5L/min |
| what is the normal pulse rate for adults? | 60 to 100 beats per minute |
| what is the normal pulse rate for male? | 72 beats/min |
| what is the normal pulse rate for female? | 76-80 beats/min |
| what is the normal pulse rate for toddler? | 90-110 beats/min |
| what is the normal pulse rate for new born? | 120-160 beats/min |
| what are the common pulse points? | radial, temporal, carotid, femoral, apical, popliteal and pedal |
| pulse point in the wrist at the base of the thumb | radial artery |
| pulse point in front of the ear | temporal artery |
| pulse point on the front side of the neck | carotid artery |
| pulse point in the groin | femoral artery |
| pulse point over the apex of the heart | apical pulse |
| pulse point just behind the knee | poplietal pulse |
| pulse point on top and side of the foot | pedal pulse |
| respiration | an involuntary autonomic function controlled by respiratory center in the pons and medulla in the brainstem |
| what's the normal respiration for adult? | 16 to 20 |
| what's the normal respiration for 3 yr old? | 20 to 30 |
| what's the normal respiration for infant? | 20 to 40 |
| what's the normal respiration for newborn? | 20 to 80 |
| eupnea | normal rate and rhythm |
| dysphnea | difficulty and labored breathing |
| tachypnea | increased respiration |
| hyperventilation | increased rate and depth of breaths |
| cheyne-stokes | fast, deep and slow breathing then dyspnea followed by apnea |
| apnea | absence of breathing |
| kussmaul's | increased rate and depth with panting and long grunting exhalation |
| biot's | fast, deep resp with abrupt pauses |
| crackles or rales | sounds like hair rubbing on inspiration |
| ronchi | cont. dry rattling sounds |
| stertor | snoring sounds caused by secretions in the larger airways |
| stridor | crowing sounds on inspiration, as in croup or laryngitis |
| wheezes | whisting sounds as in asthma and emphysema |
| blood pressure | the pressure exerted on the arterial walls by the pumping action of the heart |
| systolic pressure | the pressure exerted on the arterial wall during cardiac CONTRACTION; pumping out of the heart |
| diastolic pressure | the pressure exerted on the arterial wall between contraction; resting rate |
| what is the normal bp? | 120/80 |
| what is the normal bp for prehypertension? | 120-139/80-89 |
| what is the normal bp for hypertension stage 1? | 140-159/90-99 |
| what is the normal bp for hypertension stage 2? | 160 or above / 100 and above |
| orthostatic hypotension | a person's bp suddenly falls when the person stands up |
| pain | is recognized by JCAHO as the 5th vital sign |
| pain assessment should include | location, intensity, character, frequency, duration |
Created by:
jekjes
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