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PSYCH Ch 1-5
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the definition of mental health? | the ability to cope with and adjust to the recurrent stresses of living in an acceptable way |
| What are the 3 factors that influence mental health? | inherited characteristics, childhood nurturing, life circumstances |
| What is the definition of a Mental Illness? | a disturbance in ones ability to cope effectively |
| What is the term for someone who ...has behaviors that interfere with daily activities, impair judgement, or alter reality | the person is said to be mentally ill |
| What were the treatments in primitive society for mental illness (the focus for treatment) | removing evil spirits |
| What physical treatments were used in primitive society for mental illness? | bleeding , massage, blistering, induce vomiting and trephining (cutting holes in the skull) |
| What concept did Greeks introduce? | the idea that mental illness could be rationally explained through observation |
| What was Hippocrates' stand on the role of the physician in dealing with the mentally ill? | to assist in rather than direct the healing process |
| What were Hippocrates' mainstays of treatment for those with mental illness? | proper diet, exercise and personal hygiene |
| What was Hippocrates' view of mental illness? | it was a result of an imbalance of humors, the elements of air fire water and earth |
| How did Plato recognize life? | as a dynamic balance maintained by the soul |
| Where did the rational and irrational sould exist in Plato's theory? | rational resided in the head and irrational resided in the heart and abdomen |
| From 500 to 1100 AD who cared for the sick? | the church |
| Religous ceremonies in which patients were physically punished to drive out evil possessing spirits was referred to as what? | demonical exorcism |
| What is lunacy? | disorder caused by the lunar body |
| What laws were passed in 1130 ? | laws preventing monks from practicing medicine |
| Why were monks kept from practicing medicine? | because it was disruptive to their way of life |
| What killed one quarter of the earth's population in the middle of the fourteenth century? | infectious disease |
| When did documenting of behaviours without bias begin? | in the Sixteenth century |
| Who liberated patients from their chains? | Phillipe Pinel |
| Who established asylums , religious order and humane care in England in the 18th century? | The Quakers |
| When was the Philadelphia almshouse erected? | 1731 |
| When did Bellevue Hospital open and where? | 1794 in New York |
| Who was the crusader for the insane in the 19th Century? | Dr. Benjamin Rush |
| What book did Dr Rush write? | Diseases of the Mind |
| What was so significant about Diseases of the Mind? | It was the first psychiatric text written in the US |
| What did Dorothea Dix do ? | she was a school teacher turned surveyor of asylums, jails, and almshouses |
| As a result of Dixs' work what occurred? | public awareness arose, funds were raised and 30 mental hospitals were opened |
| What 2 class system existed by the late 1800s for psych care? | public and private care |
| What book did Clifford Beers write? | A mind that found itself |
| What committee was formed as a result of Beers' work? | The committee for Mental Hygiene (in 1909) |
| What term is Freud known for? | psychoanalysis |
| In a simple term what did Freuds studies and theories revolve around? | sexual energies |
| How did WWI contribute to the mental health movement? | it found soldiers to be deficient thus has Beers develop a master plan for screening soldiers and treating them |
| What was insulin therapy used for? | schizophrenia |
| What was the purpose of the insulin? | to induce a coma |
| What is ECT? | electroconvulsive therapy |
| What was ECT used for? | depression |
| What was a lobotomy? | severing of the frontal lobes of the brain\ |
| What did lobotomies do? | eliminated violent behaviors |
| What was the Hill Burton act? | it funded the construction of psych units in the US |
| What did congress do in 1946? | pass the National Mental Health Act |
| What did the National Mental Health Act of 1946 do? | provided funding for programs in research, training and expansion of facilities |
| What does the term deinstituionalization mean? | releasing persons into the community |
| What did the Action for Mental Health motivate JFK to do? | appoint a special committee to study problems of mental illness |
| When were 75% of institutionalized mentally ill persons released into the community | around 1965 after the Medicare/Medicaid Bill of 1965 |
| What did the omnibus of 1981 do? | gave designated amounts of money for mental health spending to each state to spend as they chose |
| What did OBRA 1987 do for the mentally ill? | discharged them to the streets because the act would not allow nursing homes or LT care facilities to house them |
| What type of healthcare system does Norway have? | a national insurance system |
| How is Canada's healthcare system divided? | into curative and preventative |
| Is mental healthcare part of Britain's healthcare package? | yes |
| How is Austrailias healthcare system divided? | it is a mix, public, private, and national private |
| What is fee for service? | patients can choose any healthcare provider and do not require a referral |
| What is a PPO>? | a network of physicians hospitals and clinics that agree to provide care for different organizations at a discount |
| What is the third party ? | an insurance company or State or Federal government |
| What is POS? | point of service |
| What is an HMO? | healthcare provided to enrolees at a fixed price, care is within the system |
| How many hours a day does inpatient refer to? | 24 hours a day |
| What is the advantage of inpatient care? | it provides safety and security to the patient |
| What is outpatient care? | care delivered within home environment those that remain in the community |
| What is the "bandaid" theory with outpatient care? | the patients wait until major problem occur and treatments are only for the presenting complaint and overlook the whole problem |
| What is case management? | holistic system of interventions, it supports the transition of mentally ill clients |
| What is consultation | process in which a specialist identifies ways to work effectively with client problems |
| What do advocates in mental health do? | protect clients rights and clarify expectations |
| Who is in a multidisciplinary team? | psychiatrist, psychologist, nurse and social worker (there may be more) |
| What problems occur in those with HIV/AIDS with regards to mental health? | they may have organic problems, impairments in memory, judgment, concentration, progression to dementia |
| What is an attitude? | ideas that help shape our points of view |
| What is a belief? | a conviction that is intellectually accepted as true |
| What is a moral? | they reflectones attitudes, beliefs and values, that define right and wrong |
| How are values transmitted? | modeling, moralizing, laissez-faire, reward/punishment, responsible choice (table 3-1 page 19) |
| What is a right? | power, privilege, existence to which one has just claim |
| What are the 3 steps to values clarification? | Choosing, Prizing, Acting |
| What does every care provider have the right to? | function within a safe environment |
| What are ethics? | concepts that form the basis for professional codes |
| What is nonmalfecience? | Do no harm, Justice and Fidelity |
| What is a criminal law? | division of public law |
| Which is more serious a felony or misdemeanor? | felony |
| What is a tort law? | a law that relates to individual rights and includes need for being compensated for a wrong |
| What is a nurse practice act? | It defines the limit and scope of practice within the state you are practicing |
| What is a standard of practice? | set of guidelines within specific healthcare discipline that are a set of guidelines that provide measureable criteria for nurses clients and others (see appendix A) |
| What is liability? | the care provider is legally repsonsible for their professional obligation |
| What is an involuntary admission? | it is initiated by someone other than the client |
| How long can an involuntary admission last? | days to years |
| How many physicians assess the client on involuntary admission? | 2 |
| What is fraud? | giving false information knowing that action will be taken based on that information |
| What is defamation?> | false communication that results in harm |
| What is libel? | written defamation |
| What is slander? | verbal defamation |
| What is assault? | any act that threatens a client , no physical contact need occur |
| What is battery? | when touching occurs without the clients permission |
| How do you avoid battery? | make sure you communicate your actions prior to doing them and receiving consents |
| What is false imprisonment? | detaining a person agains his will |
| What is negligence? | omission or commission of an act that a resonable and prudent person would not do |
| What is malpractice? | failure to exercise an accepted degree of professional skill that results in injury, loss, or damage |
| What are the 4 criteria for negligence? | owed duty, did not carry out the duty, injury as a result, actual loss or damage |
| What is informed consent? | agreement between the client and caregiver |
| What is elopement? | running away from the facility |
| What is duty to warn? | to report certain instances that harm or death may occur |
| What is race? | group of people who share distinct physical characteristics |
| What is ethnicity? | social term associated with customs, cultural habits, socialization patterns |
| What is spirituality? | a belief in a power greater than any human being |
| What is religion? | defined organized and practiced system of worship |
| What is a norm? | established rules of conduct that define which behaviors are encouraged, accepted, tolerated and forbideen within a culture |
| What is a role? | expected pattern of behaviors associatedd with a certain position status or gender |
| What is a stereotype? | oversimplified mental picutre of a cultural group |
| What is a prejudice? | extreme form of negative stereotyping |
| What are the 7 characteristics of culture? | learned, transmitted, shared, integrated, contains ideal and real components, continuously evolving, individual behavior not necessarily representative of the culture |
| What is the difference between a disease and an illness? | a disease is a condition with physical dysfunction and an illness includes social, emotional and intellectual dysfunctions |
| What is a nuclear family? | consists of father, mother and children |
| Who is the extended family referring to? | aunts uncles grandparents, cousins, godparents |
| What are gender roles? | expected behavioral patterns based on gender |
| What was Darwin' stheory of evolution? | natural selection, superior creatures evolved |
| What were the 3 interacting structures that Freud is known for? | the id, ego and super ego |
| What is the id? | site for early childhood experiences, subconcious, self preservation, reproduction, association with others |
| What is the ego? | part of the mind in active awareness, the conscious |
| What is the superego? | last to develop, 2 parts- the conscience which punishes through guilt and anxiety and the 'ego ideal' which reward with feelings of satisfaction and well being |
| What is the libidinal energy? | the need to seek sexual pleasure |
| What are defense mechanisms? | psychological tools to help lessen negative feelings |
| What is compensation defense? | attempt to overcome feelings of inferiority or make up for deficiency |
| What is conversion? | channeling of unbearable anxieties into body signs and symptoms |
| What is denial? | refusal to acknowlege conflict and thus escape the reality of the situation |
| What is displacement? | redirecting of energies to another person or object |
| What is dissociation? | separation of emotions from a situation |
| What is fantasy? | distortion of of unacceptable wishes |
| What is identification defense? | taking on of personal characteristics of admired person to conceal own feelings of inadequacy |
| What is intellectualization? | focusing of attention on techinical or logical aspects of threatening situation |
| What is isolation? | separation of feelings from content to cope unemotionally with topics that would normally be overwhelming |
| What is projection? | putting of ones own accepatable thoughts wishes emotions onto others |
| What is rationalization? | use of agood (but not real) reason to explain behavior to make unacceptable motivation more acceptable |
| What is reaction formation? | prevention of expression of threatening material by engaging in behaviors that are directly opposite to repressed material |
| What is regression? | coping with present conflict stress by returning to earlier more secure stage of life |
| What is restitution? | givng back to resolve guilt feelings |
| What is sublimation? | unconscious channeling of unacceptable behaviors into constructive more socially approved areas |
| What is substitution? | disguising of motivations by replacing inappropriate behavior with one that is more acceptable |
| What is suppression? | removal of conflict by removing anxiety from the conciousness |
| What is symbolization? | use of an unrelated object to represent hidden idea |
| What is undoing? | inappropriate behavior that is followed by acts to take away or reverse acton and decrease guilt and anxiety |
| What is Erikson known for? | describing the life cycle in 8 stages |
| What did BF Skinner state with regards to objective psychology | only observed behaviors in current situations were open to analysis |
| Who developed the operant conditioning theory | Skinner |
| What is Gestalt therapy | accepted the notion of unresolved past conflicts |
| Who pioneered reality therapy? | William Glasser |
| What is Homeostasis and who first considered this theory? | tendency of the body to achieve and maintain steady internal state, Walter Cannon |
| How did Selye define a stressor | nonspecific response of the body to any demand placed on it |
Created by:
Kelly Quijano
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