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Pharmacotherapeutics
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What are the three category of pharmacotherapeutics? | 1) Drug/Medication 2) Biologic 3) Natural health product (NPH) NB:don't forget there difference |
| What are the factors affecting drug administration route? | Drug to target tissues Clinical setting Medical situation Drug Dynamics |
| List the routes of drug administration? | Oral (PO) ,Topical Sublingual (SL) Intranasal (insufflation) Inhalation,rectal Endotracheal (ET),Transdermal,Intramuscular (IM),Subcutaneous (SC)Intraosseous Epidural + Spinal (intrathecal)........ |
| Compare and contrast the different root of drug administration? | See your ppt sand book Clearly know each roots |
| What is the difference between Pharmacokinetics & dynamics? | see your ppt /book |
| What are the four phase of Pharmacokinetics? | ADME |
| Discuss facters that affect molecular kinetics? | molecular characteristics Charge “ionized” : positive or negative non-ionized = not charged ‘acid-to-acid’, Lipophillicity vs hydrophilicity Size membrane transport Passive = diffusion; osmosis; facilitated diffusion Active |
| Discuss the general rule of ADME ? | lipophilic, non-ionized, small = easy Absorption & Distribution hydrophilic, ionized = easy Excretion |
| .......is time for drug to reach systemic circulation A.Absorption B.Distribution C.Metabolism, D. Excretion | A |
| What does it mean first path metabolism and how it affect drug absorption? | see your ppt /book |
| What does bioavailability and therapeutic range mean? | see your ppt /book |
| -------is the ratio between TD50 : ED50 | TI NB:smaller number = higher risk |
| List at list three drugs with narrow TI? | Digoxin (Lanoxin) Warfarin (Coumadin) Phenytoin (Dilantin) Tacrolimus (Prograf, Astagraf) |
| Discuss factors affecting drug distribution | blood flow to the tissue (=> CO, BBB, injury,..) size of the tissue molecular characteristics (lipophillicity, size, ….) PPB |
| -------is an enzymatic chemical conversion to prepare the drug/substance for excretion | Metabolism (aka biotransformation) |
| Discuss the phases of metabolism? | See your ppt /book |
| ----is primary metabolizing organ | Liver |
| -----is primary organ of excretion | Kidney |
| What are the factors affecting drug excretion | Molecular characteristics: ionization, hydrophilicity, small size Cardiac Output Renal fx...... |
| ---------is the rate of elimination of drug in an hour’ | Clearance (Cl) |
| Discuss the difference between 1st and zero elimination kinetics | See your ppt /book |
| --------is time required for a drug plasma concentration to decrease by one half | Half-life (t ½) |
| List the 6 major receptor types that supports pharmacodaynamics of drugs | 1. G-protein (GPCR) 2. Ion channels 3. Nuclear receptors 4 & 5. Enzyme types 6. Non-enzyme ‘JAK-STAT’ |
| Discuss the difference between affinity, efficacy and potency | see your ppt /book |
| How you describe agonist,partial agonist, inverse agonist and antagonist | See your ppt /book |
| Is there any difference between tolerance & resistance? | See your ppt /book |
| What are the most common reported overdose drugs? | Acetylsalicylic acid Acetaminophen/ Fentanyl Cocaine Benzodiazepines (sedative/hypnotic) Alcohol (ETOH) Antidepressants |
| What are the nine rights of medication administration ? |
Created by:
aynalem
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