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Med Surg 1
Chapter 10
Term | Definition |
---|---|
Tonicity | fluid tension or the effect that osmotic pressure of a solution with impermeable solutes exerts on cell size because of water movement across the cell membrane |
osmosis | the process by which fluid moves across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration; the process continues until the solute concentrations are equal on both sides of the membrane |
osmolarity | the number of milliosmoles per liter of solution; expressed as milliosmoles per liter' describes the concentration of solutes or dissolves particles |
osmolality | the number of milliosmoles per kilogram of solvent; expressed as milliosmoles per kilogram |
isotonic solution | a solution with the same osmolality as blood |
hypotonic solution | a solution with an osmolality lower than that of serum |
hypertonic solution | a solution with an osmolality higher than that of serum |
hydrostatic pressure | the pressure created by the weight of fluid against the wall that contains it. in the body, hydrostatic pressure in blood vessels results from the weight of fluid itself and the force resulting from cardiac contraction |
homeostasis | maintenance of constant internal equilibrium in a biological system |
diffusion | the process by which solutes move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration does NOT require energy |
crystalloid | a fluid containing soluble mineral ions and water in solution |
colloid oncotic pressure | osmotic pressure created by the protein ( mainly albumin) in the bloodstream |
colliod | a fluid containing particles that ae nonsoluble and evenly distributed throughout the solution |
active transport | physiologic pump that uses energy to move fluid or electrolytes from one region to another |
alkalosis | an acid-base imbalance characterized by a reduction of H+ concentration or increase in bicarbonate concentration |
acidosis | an acid-base imbalance characterized by an increase in H+ concentration |