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Nutrition Transition
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obesity
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Genetics Ch 12

PSYC458 Ch 12

TermDefinition
Nutrition Transition Hunter gatherer, early agriculture, end of famine, obesity-related diseases
obesity condition in which excess body fat increases risk for health problems
thrifty gene hypothesis combinations of genetic variants that were once favored by natural selection are now deleterious; defines specific G x E interaction
leptin secreted from fat cells and binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to signal satiety
syndromic obesity symptom of a disorder
Prader-Willi Syndrome 1 in 10-30,000 worldwide; paternally derived deletion on chromosome 15 or maternal disomy 15
physical features of PWS narrow forehead, almond shaped eyes, short stature, small hands and feet
behavioral features of PWS mild learning impairment, stubbornness, high pain tolerance, insatiable appetite can cause hyperphagia
hyperphagia overeating
PWS appetite control circuits hormones acting on hypothalamus are dysfunctional producing a combination of chronic overeating and reduced physical activity levels
feeding disorders behavioral disturbances that are not related to body weight and shape concerns, ie eating non-edible substances, voluntary regurgiation
eating disorders abnormal eating behavior and preoccupation with food as well as prominent body weight and shape concerns
anorexia nervosa low body weight for height, age, developmental stage not due to another health concern
BMI under _______ in adults is considered anorexic 18.5 kg/m2
Rapid weight loss of more than 20% of total body weight in _ months is also considered anorexic 6
low body weight is accompanied by a persistent pattern of behaviors to prevent ______ of _____ ______ restoration of normal weight
low body weight or shape is ____ to the person's self-evaluation or is inaccurately perceived to be normal or even excessive central
bulimia nervosa recurrent episodes of binge eating
binge eating episode distinct period of time during which the individual exdperiences a subjective loss of control over eating, eating notably more or differently than usual, and feels unable to stop eating or limit the type or amount of food eaten
Binging is accompanied by repeated inappropriate _________ behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain compensatory
bulimic individuals are preoccupied with body shape or weight which strongly influences self-evaluation
-------- individuals have marked distress about the pattern of binge earing and inappropriate compensatory behavior or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning bulimic
heritability estimate for anorexia is 0.__ - 0.__ 48-74
heritability estimate for anorexia is 0.__ - 0.__ 28-83
eating disorder candidate genes: serotonergic 5-HT2A, 5-HTTLPR, 5-HT1D, TPH
eating disorder candidate genes: dopaminergic DRD2, DRD4, COMT
eating disorder candidate genes: opioidergic OPRD1
eating disorder candidate genes: appetite regulation GOAT, GHSR, AgRP
eating disorder candidate genes: food intake ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, FAAH
eating disorder candidate genes: weight regulation UPC2, UPC3, MC4R, FTO
eating disorder candidate genes: other BDNF, SK3, TNF
Physical activity involves movement produced by skeletal muscles and requires the expenditure of energy
exercise special type of physical activity that is foal-oriented, structured, and can include repetitive elements that are designed to maintain or improve some aspect of physical fitness
Runner's high after episodes of intense aerobic exercise, such as long-distance running, some people report that they experience feelings of euphoria, relief from anxiety, and reduced ability to feel pain
Created by: 2858124050999235
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