PSYC458 Ch 12
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| Nutrition Transition | Hunter gatherer, early agriculture, end of famine, obesity-related diseases
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| obesity | condition in which excess body fat increases risk for health problems
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| thrifty gene hypothesis | combinations of genetic variants that were once favored by natural selection are now deleterious; defines specific G x E interaction
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| leptin | secreted from fat cells and binds to receptors in the hypothalamus to signal satiety
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| syndromic obesity | symptom of a disorder
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| Prader-Willi Syndrome | 1 in 10-30,000 worldwide; paternally derived deletion on chromosome 15 or maternal disomy 15
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| physical features of PWS | narrow forehead, almond shaped eyes, short stature, small hands and feet
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| behavioral features of PWS | mild learning impairment, stubbornness, high pain tolerance, insatiable appetite can cause hyperphagia
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| hyperphagia | overeating
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| PWS appetite control circuits | hormones acting on hypothalamus are dysfunctional producing a combination of chronic overeating and reduced physical activity levels
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| feeding disorders | behavioral disturbances that are not related to body weight and shape concerns, ie eating non-edible substances, voluntary regurgiation
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| eating disorders | abnormal eating behavior and preoccupation with food as well as prominent body weight and shape concerns
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| anorexia nervosa | low body weight for height, age, developmental stage not due to another health concern
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| BMI under _______ in adults is considered anorexic | 18.5 kg/m2
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| Rapid weight loss of more than 20% of total body weight in _ months is also considered anorexic | 6
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| low body weight is accompanied by a persistent pattern of behaviors to prevent ______ of _____ ______ | restoration of normal weight
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| low body weight or shape is ____ to the person's self-evaluation or is inaccurately perceived to be normal or even excessive | central
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| bulimia nervosa | recurrent episodes of binge eating
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| binge eating episode | distinct period of time during which the individual exdperiences a subjective loss of control over eating, eating notably more or differently than usual, and feels unable to stop eating or limit the type or amount of food eaten
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| Binging is accompanied by repeated inappropriate _________ behaviors aimed at preventing weight gain | compensatory
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| bulimic individuals are preoccupied with body shape or weight which strongly influences | self-evaluation
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| -------- individuals have marked distress about the pattern of binge earing and inappropriate compensatory behavior or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational, or other important areas of functioning | bulimic
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| heritability estimate for anorexia is 0.__ - 0.__ | 48-74
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| heritability estimate for anorexia is 0.__ - 0.__ | 28-83
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| eating disorder candidate genes: serotonergic | 5-HT2A, 5-HTTLPR, 5-HT1D, TPH
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| eating disorder candidate genes: dopaminergic | DRD2, DRD4, COMT
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| eating disorder candidate genes: opioidergic | OPRD1
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| eating disorder candidate genes: appetite regulation | GOAT, GHSR, AgRP
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| eating disorder candidate genes: food intake | ESR1, ESR2, CNR1, FAAH
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| eating disorder candidate genes: weight regulation | UPC2, UPC3, MC4R, FTO
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| eating disorder candidate genes: other | BDNF, SK3, TNF
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| Physical activity | involves movement produced by skeletal muscles and requires the expenditure of energy
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| exercise | special type of physical activity that is foal-oriented, structured, and can include repetitive elements that are designed to maintain or improve some aspect of physical fitness
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| Runner's high | after episodes of intense aerobic exercise, such as long-distance running, some people report that they experience feelings of euphoria, relief from anxiety, and reduced ability to feel pain
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