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thermoregulation
pathophysiology NUR 304
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What mechanism is used to regulated our core temperature? | thermoregulation |
| What is gland that regulates our body temperature? | hypothalamus |
| What is it called when our body temperature is within normal range? | normothermia |
| What is the normal range for body temperature? | 36.6 C-38 C; 97.7 F-100.4 F |
| What is a thermoreceptor? | Helps maintain our core temperature. They produce multiple responses like; vasoconstriction and shivering to help generate heat, and diaphoresis and vasodilation to help us cool down. |
| How can we conserve heat in our bodies? | vasoconstriction, piloerection, shivering BMR increase, and brown fat |
| Describe conduction | It is when warmer skin touches a cooler surface. |
| Describe an example of conductive heat loss | When a patient is laying on a cold examining table. |
| Describe convection | The removal of heat from the skin due to air currents |
| Describe an example of convection heat gain | When a patient uses a heater to warm up. |
| Describe an example of convection heat loss | When a patient uses a fan or is actively submerged in water. |
| Describe radiation | electromagnetic energy exchange |
| Describe an example of radiant heat loss | When a patient uses a hat to shade themeselves from the sun |
| Describe an example of radiant heat gain | When a patient stands outside to warm up from the sun |
| Describe evaporation | vaporization from the liquid on the skin |
| Describe an example of evaporation heat loss | When a patient is exercising and the sweat on their skin dries up |
| What are the thermoregulation behavior controls? | Exercising, seeking shelter, adjusting clothing, and adapting to your surroundings |
| What is it called when our bodies reach a temperature that is less than 35 C or 95 F: | hypothermia |
| How can hypothermia be classified? | Either a mild or profound heat loss in which the body’s mechanisms fail to regulate our core temperature at the desired range required to maintain our life-sustaining body functions. |
| What is some CM of mild hypothermia? | hypertension, tachycardia, shivering, vasoconstriction, hyperventilation, cyanosis, joint pain, agitation, and confusion |
| What is some CM of moderate hypothermia? | At this point you are no longer shivering, Respiratory acidosis, shallow breathing, hypotension, cardiac dysrhythmias, delirium, muscle rigidity, hyperactive reflexes, and decreased LOC |
| What is some CM of Severe/Deep hypothermia? | Lactic acidosis, erythema, edema, decreased CO, thready or undetectable pulse, fatal cardiac dysrhythmias, decreased reflexes, pupil dilation, and fixed unconsciousness |
| What is some CM of profound hypothermia? | Your survival is unlikely at this point, so ECMO may be needed; this is a machine that helps bypass your organs to keep your blood profused, Respiratory and Metabolic acidosis, hyperkalemia, and asystole aka flatline; ceased activity of your heart |
| What are the four systemic effects of a cold? | Bradycardia, LOC, and renal failure |
| What is frostbite? | It is a complication of hypothermia that causes cell death from cold exposure and tissue necrosis from progressive dermal ischemia |
| What are the different stages of frostbite? | Red: a first stage that is like a sunburn on the skin White: aka lax and this is when your skin starts to blister up. It can fall off and even heal okay Blue/Black: the actual painful part, the tissue is starting to die |
| What is therapeutic hypothermia: | hypothermia can be used for medical treatment. It helps stop the spread of ischemia and can be used for cardiac bypass surgery, MI, cerebral ischemia, strokes, trauma, and birth injuries |
| What is hyperthermia? | When our body temperature is greater than 38.3C; 101 F as a result of an unregulated rise in core temperature. This is outside of the hypothalamus’ control |
| What is the earliest sign of hyperthermia? | Heat stress. This is when your hypothalamus starts to dysfunctional or is unable to regulate temperature |
| What is some CM of hyperthermia? | Excessive diaphoresis, tachypnea, tachycardia |
| What is the set point of heat exhaustion? | 38.3 F; 101F |
| What is some CM of heat exhaustion? | Heavy diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, heat cramps, syncope, bradycardia, and weakness |
| What is the set point of a heat stroke? | 40C; 104F |
| What is some CM of heat stroke? | You're not sweating at this point, flushed dry skin, confusion, altered state of consciousness, hypotension, bradycardia, seizures, delirium, brain damage, and cardiorespiratory collapse |
| What is Fever? | When our body temperature gets above 38 C; 100.4 F as a result of an infectious or inflammatory process |
| What controls the increase of pyrogens? | hypothalamus |
| What are pyrogens? | substances that can produce fever |
| What are some CM of fever? | Fatigue, muscle aches, and headache |
| What is used to treat a fever? | Any anti-pyrogenic medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen |
| What are the stages of fever? | Chills, plateau, and breaking the fever |
| What is malignant hyperthermia? | When your core body temperature increases due to medical treatment like inhaled anesthetics or succinylcholine |
| What causes malignant hyperthermia? | If an individual has the genetic mutation of the type 1 ryanodine receptor (RYR!) gene, this causes a reaction with certain anesthetics received. This leads to uncontrolled heat production. |
| What is the antidote for malignant hyperthermia? | Dantrolene |
| Who is at risk for altered thermoregulation? | Cognitive impairment, drug and alcohol impairment, athletics; water/ice/snow sports, exertion in the heat, homeless, individuals with inadequate shelter, elderly, neonates, preemies, low birth weight babies, and babies with birth asphyxia |
Created by:
keiondraharden
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