Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Acid-Base
pathophysiology NUR 304
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is arterial blood gas? | A lab test that monitors the patient’s acid-base balance |
| How is an ABG taken? | A blood sample from an artery; usually the radial or brachial artery |
| What are the three main components of ABGs? | pH, PaCO2, and HCO3 |
| Describe Acidosis | an overproduction of acid in the blood |
| Describe Alkalosis | when the blood is more basic than normal |
| Explain pH | the concentration of hydrogen ions and determines the acidity and alkalinity of body fluids |
| What is the normal range for pH? | 7.35-7.45 |
| What does a pH of < 7.35 indicate? | Acidosis |
| What does a pH of 7.45 or more indicate | Alkalosis |
| Explain PaCo2 | (partial pressure of carbon dioxide) shows the gas exchange between the alveoli and the external environment (alveolar ventilation) |
| What is the normal range for PaCO2? | 35-45 mmHg |
| What does a PaCO2 of < 35 indicate? | Alkalosis |
| What does a PaCO2 of > 45 indicate? | Acidosis |
| Explain HCO3 | It is a bicarbonate ion that is an alkaline substance that comprises over half of the total buffer base in the blood |
| What is the normal range for HCO3? | 22-25 mEq/L |
| What does an HCO3 of < 22 ndicate? | Acidosis |
| What does an HCO3 of > 26 indicate? | Alkalosis |
| If there are too many H+ ions in the body then the pH will be what? | Acidic |
| If there are too few H+ ions in the body then the pH will be what? | Alkalosis |
| Which ABG is read backward on the scale? | PaCO2 |
| What are the four primary types of acid-base disturbances? | Metabolic acidosis, metabolic alkalosis, respiratory acidosis, respiratory alkalosis |
| Respiratory Acidosis is caused by? | A low pH due to high CO2 levels; ineffective CO2 exchange in the lungs; associated with high K+ levels |
| What will increase to compensate for acidosis? | HCO3 |
| What are some possible causes of ineffective CO2 exchange in the lungs? | Asthma, pneumonia, COPD, lung carcinoma, head injury, or narcotic overdose with respiratory distress |
| What are some symptoms of respiratory acidosis? | Hypoventilation (hypoxia), rapid shallow respirations, decreased BP, cyanotic skin, headaches, hyperkalemia, dysrhythmias, drowsiness, dizziness, disorientation, muscle weakness, and hyperreflexia |
| Respiratory Alkalosis is caused by? | A high pH due to low CO2 |
| What is done to compensate for respiratory alkalosis? | Lower HCO3 will develop to compensate |
| What is respiratory alkalosis caused by? | Increased respirations, severe pain and anxiety, fever, salicylate overdose (aspirin), hyperventilation with a mechanical ventilator, thyrotoxicosis; associated with a low K+ and Ca++ |
| What is metabolic acidosis? | a low pH due to low HCO3 |
| How does the body compensate for acidosis? | The respiratory system will quickly respond by decreasing CO2 to compensate |
| What is metabolic acidosis caused by? | An accumulation of acid or loss of HCO3 (diabetic ketoacidosis, diuretics, renal failure, excessive diarrhea); associated with increased K+ levels |
| What are some symptoms of metabolic acidosis? | Headache, low BP, hyperkalemia, muscle twitching, warm/flushed skin (vasodilation), nausea, vomiting, decreased muscle tone, decreased reflexes, deep and rapier hyperventilation (Kussmaul respirations) |
| What is metabolic alkalosis? | A high pH due to a high HCO3 |
| What is done to compensate for metabolic alkalosis? | The respiratory system will quickly respond by increasing CO2 to compensate |
| What is metabolic alkalosis caused by? | Decreased H+ or increased HCO3; excessive vomiting (HCL) or NG suctioning, excessive anti-acid intake, excessive K+ wasting diuretics |
| What are some symptoms of metabolic alkalosis? | Restlessness followed by lethargy dysrhythmias (tachycardia), confusion, (decreased dLOC, dizziness, irritability), compensatory hypoventilation, hypokalemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, muscle cramps, tingling of fingers and toes |
| What are the first goes of ABG analysis? | To determine if it is acidosis or alkalosis |
| What is the first goal of ABG analysis? | To determine if it is respiratory or metabolic |
| What is the third goal of ABG analysis? | To determine if it is fully, partially, or uncompensated |
| What determines if ABG is acidosis or alkalosis? | pH |
| If the pH is on the same section as PaCO2 then it is classified as what? | Respiratory |
| If the pH is on the same section as HCO3 then it is classified as what? | Metabolic |
| What is the ABG if the pH is normal? | Fully compensated |
| What is the ABG if all of the values are abnormal? | Partially compensated |
| If PaCO2 or HCO3 is normal and the other is abnormal, what is the ABG classification? | Uncompensated |
Created by:
keiondraharden
Popular Nursing sets