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HY 104 Final Study
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Yalta Conference | meeting in February of 1945 between FDR, Stalin and Churchill where they set occupation zones for eastern europe and where allies were stationed throughout Germany. |
| Potsdam Conference | Was held for 3 allies to be able to make a plan for postwar peace. President Truman got a telegram during it saying the Manhattan project worked and he then used that against the soviets. |
| The 4 Policemen | 4 most powerful countries in the world, if they say no war then there is no war. (eagle:America, bear:Russia, lion:Britain, dragon:China) |
| Truman Doctrine | Any free government, (non-communist), resisting submersion by an outside power, the US will step in and help with resources needed. |
| Marshall Plan | George Marshall says spend 12 billion dollars over the nest 12 years to re-build european industry so Europe can put themselves back together. |
| George Kennan | Wants to keep soviets where they are, (contianment policy). Claims Stalin is paranoid and that is not the best if you are running the country. |
| Betty Friedan | Wrote book feminine mystique, thinks women deserve equal pay, equal work, and equal rights, they should be able to have high pay and power if they want. |
| Sam Phillips | Owner of sun records, progressive, wants black artists to get paid or their music. Needed someone who could break the sound waves of black or white music (elvis) |
| Executive Order 9981 | Desegregating the army, black soldiers were giving white soldiers orders, this is also why southerners that were democrats were no longer in the democratic party because it was against the southern lifestyle (segregation) |
| Clan of the Fiery Cross | Depiction of KKK in a radio show, this showed the shift in culture but they targeted Japanese Americans. Superman fought them in 1946 |
| Jackie Robinson | Was the first black baseball player in the major leagues. But the plan to desegregate and pick players from the negro league ended up destroying black businesses |
| SNCC | Groups of university students who were inspired by King and they go into suppressed communities and try to get black individuals to vote. (stands for student non-violent coordinating committee) |
| Freedom Riders | SNCC members trained in non-violence. Booked a trip through the states of the old confederacy, they get attacked in every state. Alabama police give the attackers 30 mins before stepping in. Brought awareness to what was actually going on in South |
| James Meredith | American civil rights activist, writer, political adviser, and Air Force veteran who became, in 1962, the first African-American student admitted to the racially segregated University of Mississippi after the intervention of the federal government. |
| George Wallace | Fairly progressive, when running for governor played himself as a moderate, then played himself as hard-core segregationist to be elected |
| Vivianne Malone & James Good | first two black students to successfully remain at the University of Alabama. George Wallace stood in front of the registration door to stop them from registering, but it was set up. He only does this so he can get votes Black and White. |
| Civil rights Act of 1964 | prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. |
| Voting Rights Act of 1965 | It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. |
| Domino Theory | Based on idea of monolific communism, if we let communists win in one place it will be spread to many others |
| Ngo Dinh Diem | Non-communist Vietnamese leader, hated Ho Chi Minh, Catholic (majority of Vietnam is buddhist). He was trying to make new identity for vietnam |
| ARVN | (army of the Republic of Vietnam)composed the ground forces of the South Vietnamese military from its inception in 1955 to the Fall of Saigon in April 1975. It is estimated to have suffered 1,394,000 casualties during the Vietnam War |
| Thich Quang Duc | Burns himself alive while holding lotus position in protest on June 11, 1963 |
| Robert McNamara | Corporate America personified, believes truth is only found in hard numbers. Makes them project the total cost of M16, wants to keep bombing NK, looks for incidents to bomb |
| Gulf of Tonkin Resolution | 1964, congress takes their issues and hands to the president, Robert McNamara wants to be able to bomb north Vietnam, and he said that there were two incidents in international waters unprovoked, but this was not true. |
| William Westmoreland | Requires 100,000 troops to protect our bases and fight Vietcong. Runs American war efforts until 1968. Wants to find insurgents and bring them to battle |
| Crossover points | Killing insurgents faster than they can be recruited, but instead they need to be weakened. |
| Vo Nguyen Giap | Vietnamese general and communist politician who is regarded as having been one of the greatest military strategists of the 20th century. |
| The Tet offensive | Tet is Vietnam's new year, in 1968. We didn't expect it to be as big as it was. Vietnamese lose control of Saigon, both sides manage to lose. |
| COSVN | Central office for south Vietnam, was thought to be in Cambodia, officially known as the Central Executive Committee of the People's Revolutionary Party from 1962 until its dissolution in 1976, |
| My Lai | American troops commit a war crime by taking over a Vietnamese village and killing all people living there. Ordered by William Calley who was imprisoned and then pardoned by Nixon |
| Pentagon Papers | Daniel Ellsberg had access to government information and printed it to show that things being said in media is not what is actually happening (start of watergate scandal) |
| Silent Majority | "real" americans who do not protest |
| Kent State University | National Guard shot 4 students to death during protest May 4, 1970 one of which who was just a passerby |
| Lee Atwater | Wanted to create narrative that white people pay taxes and black people are beneficiaries |
| War on Drugs | Aimed towards black children,The war on drugs is a global campaign, led by the United States federal government, of drug prohibition, military aid, and military intervention, with the aim of reducing the illegal drug trade in the United States. |
| Environmental Protection Agency | independent executive agency of the United States federal government tasked with environmental protection matters. Signed by Nixon |
| New Economic Policy | reintroduced a measure of stability to the economy and allowed the Soviet people to recover from years of war, civil war, and governmental mismanagement. |
| The Watergate Hotel | 1982, Nixon had staff bug hotel and try to host scandal in hopes of taking down democratic party, got caught and could've lied but did not. |
| Deep Throat | code name for the source on Nixon |
| Rust Belt | Old industrial cities when industrial jobs began to go overseas to china |
| 3-mile Island | Chernoble, nuclear plant accident |
| Supply side economics | Reagan argues that taking care of business jobs and profits will raise and everyone benefits |
| AIDs | sexually transmitted disease that began in the 70s |
| Iran-Contra | political scandal in which the National Security Council (NSC) became involved in secret weapons transactions and other activities that were either prohibited by the U.S. Congress or violated the stated public policy of the government. |
| Mujahidin | Afgani freedom fighters, US gave them weapons to fight soviets, motivated by the idea that islam is under attack |
| Operation Desert Sheild/Storm | Deploys in Saudi Arabia by Bush in Aug 1990, throws Saddam Hussain out of government |
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