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P&R EXAM
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| mesopotamia | historical region of western asia situated within the tigris-euphrates river system |
| polytheism | the belief in or worship of more than one god |
| pantheon | temple dedicated to all the gods |
| an | sky goddess who ruled the heavens |
| enlil | storm god who made the seasons |
| ziggurat | pyramidal stepped tower that is an architectural and religious structure |
| epic of gilgamesh | recount the exploits of gilgamesh, king of uruak |
| gift of the nile | egypt, egypts lifeline, without the nile egypt would have been a desert |
| amon-ra | king of the egyptian gods and god of the sun |
| isis | egyptian goddess of children and family |
| osiris | egyptian god of the underworld, responsible for weighing the soul in Egypt |
| horus | falcon headed egyptian god, son of osiris and isis |
| anubis | a jackal headed deity who presided over the embalming process and accompanied dead kings in the afterworld |
| weighing of the soul | a religious motif in which a persons life is assessed by weighing their soul immediately before or after death in order to judge their fate |
| ka | princpipal aspect of the soul of a human being or of a god |
| ba | principal aspect of the soul |
| ankh | representative of eternal life in ancient egypt |
| mummification | used to preserve the body for the afterlife |
| city state | a city that with its surrounding territory forms an indepndent state |
| mythology | a collection of myths, especially one belonging to a particular religious or cultural tradition |
| oral tradition | the cultural knowlege and information that has been passed bwon through speech from one generation to the next |
| epic | a long poem, typically one derived from ancient oral tradition |
| the iliad and the odyssey | iliad, set during the trojan war, tells the story of achilles. the odyssey, tells the story of odysseus as he travels home from war |
| zeus | god of sky, weather, law, order, and fate |
| hera | goddess of youth and child bearing |
| athena | greek goddess of wisdom and reason |
| apollo | god of music, archery, and medicane |
| poseidon | greek god of the sea |
| hades | greek god of the underworld |
| ares | greek god of war |
| aphrodite | greek goddess of love |
| artemis | goddess of nature, hunting, and protector of the young and chaste |
| dionysus | god of war, feasting, and good times |
| hermes | god of travel, roads, and languages |
| archetype myth | explain the nture of the world and life |
| hero myth | tells the story of a hero that goes on an adventure |
| origin myth | a myth that describes the origin of some feature of the natural or social world |
| destruction myth | .authorative stories reakting the past destruction of humanity, the world, or a signifigant part of either |
| odin | norse king of the gods, the "all father" |
| thor | norse god of thunder |
| loki | norse trickster god who would start the last battle |
| valkyries | one of a host of female figures who guide souls of the dead to the god Odin's hall Valhalla |
| ragnarok | a series of events, including a great battle, foretelling the death of numerous great figures |
| valhalla | angelicised name for old norse |
| yggdrasil | immense and central sacred tree |
| abraham | the common hebrew partiarch of the abrahamic religions, including judaism, christianity, and islam |
| moses | the most important prophet in judaism and one of the most important prophets in christianity, islam, the drue faith, the baha'ifaith and other abrahamic religions |
| tanach | hebrew bible, canonical collection of hebrew scriptures |
| torah | first five books of the hebrew scriptures |
| nebi'im | second major division of the hebrew bible |
| ketubim | third and final section of the tanakh, after torah and nevi'im |
| passover | majr jewish spring festival which commemorates the liberation of the israelites from egyptian slavery |
| salvation history | seeks to understand the personal redemptive activity of god within human history in order to effect his eternal saving intentions |
| chanukah | jewish festival commemorating the recovery of jerusalem and subsequent rededication of the second temple at the beginning of the Maccabean revolt against the seleucid empire |
| rosh hashannah | jewish new year |
| yom kippur | holiest day in judaism and samaritanism |
| menorah | seven branched cadelabrum |
| star of david | symbol of jewish identity and judaism |
| great temple | grand monumental complex that lies south of the colonnaded street at petra |
| synagogue | the bulding where a jewish assembly or congregation meets for religious worship and instruction |
| rabbi | jewish scholr or teacher, especially one who studies or teaches jewish law |
| orthodox | conforming to what is generally or traditionally accpted as right or true; established and approved |
| reform | denoting or pertaining to reform judaism |
| kosher | food that complies within the strict dietary standards of traditional jewish law |
| holocaust | destruction or slaughter on a mass scale, especially caused by fire or nuclear war |
| zionism | a movement for the re-establishment and development and protection of a jewish nation in what is now israel |
| jesus of nazareth | religious leader revered in christianity one of the worlds major religions |
| anno domini | in the year of our lord |
| immaculate conception | the doctrine that god preserved the virgin mary from the taint of original sin from the moment she was conceived |
| twelve disciples | 12 men chosen by jesus to follow him and spread the gospel after his death |
| pharisees | a member of an ancient jewish sect |
| crucifixion | method of capital punishment in which the victim is tired or nailed to a large wooden cross and left to hang until eventual death from exhaustion and asphyxiation |
| resurrection | christs rising from the dead |
| the bible | the christian scriptures |
| old testament | first part of the christian bible |
| new testament | second part of the christian bible |
| gospels | the teaching or revelation of christ |
| epistles | letter |
| apocalypse | the complete final destruction of the world |
| parables | a simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson |
| day of pentecost | commemorates the descent of the holy spirit on the apostles and other followers of jesus christ while they were in jerusalem celebrating the feast of weeks |
| paul | christian apostle who spread the teaching of jesus in the first century world |
| red martyrdom | torture or violent death by religious persecuation |
| white martyrdom | desert hermits who aspired to the condition of martyrdom trhough strict asceticism |
| nincene creed | defining statement of belief of nincene or mainstream christianity |
| monasticism | way of living thats religious, isolated from other people, and self disciplined |
| sacraments | religious ceremony or ritual regarding as imparting divine grace, such as baptism, the eucharist and penance and the anointing of the sick |
| protestant reformation | reform movement that swept through europe in the 1500s |
| martin luther | german priest, author, hymnwriter, and professor, and augustinian friar |
| john calvin | renaissance humanist who aimed to apply the novelties of humanism |
| predestination | the divine foreordaining of all that will happen, especially ith regard to the salvation of some and not tohers |
| allah | common arabic word for god |
| muhammad | arab founder of islam |
| ka'bah | small, cubical building in the courtyard of the great mosque at mecca containing a sacred black stone |
| mecca | place regarded as a center for a specified group, activity, or interest |
| medina | the old arab or non european quarter of a north african town |
| hijrah | muhammads migration from mecca to yathrib upon inviatation in order to escape persecution |
| mosque | a muslim place of worship |
| imam | the person who leads prayer in a mosque |
| five pillars | fundamental practices in islam, considered to be obligatory acts of worship for all muslims |
| jihad | a struggle or fight against the enemies of islam |
| shari'a | body of religious law that forms a part of the islamic tradition |
| sunni | the larger of the two main branches of islam, which differs from shia in its understanding of the sunna, its conception of religious leadership, and tis acceptance of the first three caliphs |
| shiite | an adherent of the shia branch is islam |
| halal | denoting or relatiing to meat prepared as prescribed by muslim law |
| haram | forbidden or proscribed by islamic |
| mushbooh | food designation in islam |
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lilianacolip
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