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Musculoskeletal A&P
Exam III Musculoskeletal System A & P N. 314 assessment
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name 4 Fuction of The Musculoskeletal System | 1. Support, mobility 2. Protection internal organs 3. Production of RBC’s 4. Stores minerals Calcium,phosphorus |
| Skeleton--- Two structures | Axial skeletal structure and appendicular structure |
| Axial structure consists of ? 7 parts? | (head & Trunk)1.Skull 2. Facial bones 3. Auditory ossicles 4. Vertebrae 5.Ribs 6. Sternum 7. Hyoid bone |
| Auditory ossicles | ossicles = A small bone, especially one of the three bones of the middle ear. |
| Appendicular skeleton consists of | extermities, shoulders and hips |
| bones are composed of osseous tissue, bones can be divides into 2 types______ and ________ | Compact bone = hard dense =shaft outer layers Spongey Bone= #"s spaces = ends & centers of the bones |
| Skeletal muscles-composed of? | muscle fibers (fasciculi)arranged in bundles and joined by connective tissue that attach to bones and facilitate movement. Skeletal muscles attach to bone by strong fibrous cords AKA = tendons |
| Name the 3 types of muscle | smooth, skeletal, cardiac |
| Some muscles move by reflex but all 650 skeletal muscles are under ??? | voluntary control. |
| The functional unit of the muscular skeletal system = | Joints- |
| Definition-where two or more bones meet | Joint / articulation |
| Joints are classified as ___, ____, or____ | Cartilaginous joints,Synovial joints- Fibrous joints |
| Cartilaginous joints- | joints between vertebrae are joined togeather by cartilage |
| Synovial joints- | areas of shoulder,hips,wrists, knees, ankles = space between joint filled w/synovial fluid |
| Bursae | synovial joints contain bursae=sacs filled w/ synovial fluid =coushion joint. |
| Lack of S.F. in bursa | Not enough lubricant = pain arthritis, bone on bone=caused by child manual labor |
| Ligaments Connect | Bone 2 Bone = like to Like |
| Tendons Connect | Muscle 2 Bone |
| Ligaments function = | 1 Hold bone to bone 2 Promote support 3 Support bone movement |
| Tendons r located ? Why? | ends of muscles to attach muscle to bone |
| The function of cartilage-=? | 1 forms a cap over bones 2-Provides smooth joint movement 3 Absorbs weight and stress |
| Range Of Motion | Know what each joint is able to do |
| Abduction | Moving away from the midline of the body |
| Adduction | Moving toward the midline of the body |
| circumduction | circular motion (pg. 500 Weber pics) |
| Eversion | moving outward from the midline |
| Inversion | Moving inward toward the midline |
| Extension | Straightening the extermity @ the joint & increasing angle of the joint |
| Flexion | bending the extermity @ the joint and decreasing the angle of the joint |
| Pronation | Turning or facing downward (anatomacol perspective) ie palms facing floor |
| sUPination | turning or facing upward ie palms facing ceiling |
| Protraction | moving foward |
| retraction | moving backwards |
| Rotation | Turning head over 2 the right shoulder, than back to midline: Next turning head over to the left shoulder and back 2 midline |
| One of the functions of a bone is to ? | PRODUCE BLOOD CELLS |
| bones contain yellow marow that is composed of ? | fat |
| part of the bone that covers the bone and contains osteoblasts and blood vessels is termed ? | periosteum |
| skeletal muscles are attached to bones by ? | tendons |
| osteoblasts | A cell from which bone develops; a bone-forming cell. |
| joints may be classified as cartilaginous synovial or | fibrous |
| bones in synovial joints are joined togeather by | ligaments |
| when the nurse moves the client's arm away from the midline of the body the nurse is performing? | abduction |
| when the nurse moves a client's leg upward, the nurse is performing | supination |
| the subacromial bursae are contained in the ? | shoulder joint |
| articulation between the head of the femur and the acetabulum is in the? | hip joint |
| acetabulum | Anatomy. The cup-shaped cavity at the base of the hipbone into which the ball-shaped head of the femur fits. |
| client = joint pain in her hands + morning assess further for signs of ? | arthritis |
| arthritis | Inflammation of a joint, usually accompanied by pain, swelling, and stiffness, and resulting from infection, trauma, degenerative changes, metabolic disturbances, or other causes. It occurs in various forms, such as bacterial arthritis, osteoarthritis, or |
| client = insulin dependent diabetes complains painful hip joints client should be asessed 4 signs & symptoms of ? | (blank) |
| osteomyelitis | A usually bacterial infection of bone and bone marrow in which the resulting inflammation can lead to a reduction of blood supply to the bone. |
| osteomyelitisfemale client began menarche @ age 16 nurse should instruct that she is @ a high risk 4 ? | osteoporosis |
| menarche | The first menstrual period, usually occurring during puberty. |
| client = cast = fractured arm to promote healing of the bone tissue nurse should instruct client eat a diet high in ? | vitaimin C |
| vitaimin C | An essential nutrient found mainly in fruits and vegetables. The body requires vitamin C to form and maintain bones, blood vessels, and skin. |
| client eats sardines every day the nurse should instruct the client that a diet high in purines can contribute to ? | gouty artheritis |
| gouty artheritis | A disturbance of uric-acid metabolism occurring chiefly in males, characterized by painful inflammation of the joints, especially of the feet and hands, and arthritic attacks resulting from elevated levels of uric acid in the blood and the deposition of u |
| purines | a substance that is part of the structure of guanine and adenine, molecules that combine to form DNA |
| client = osteomalacia nurse = decrease risk factors diet = adaquet amounts of ? | vitamin D |
| osteomalacia | A disease occurring mostly in adult women that results from a deficiency in vitamin D or calcium and is characterized by a softening of the bones with accompanying pain and weakness. |
| vitamin D | A fat-soluble vitamin occurring in several forms, especially vitamin D2 or vitamin D3, required for normal growth of teeth and bones, and produced in general by ultraviolet irradiation of sterols found in milk, fish, and eggs. |
| flattened lumbar curveature=possible | herniated disc |
| lateral curvature of the thoracic spine w/ increase in convexity of the left curved side could be experiencing? | scoliosis |
| client = lower back pain past several days to perform Las'egue's test nurse should ask the client to | lie flat and raise legs to the point of pain |
| shooting pain in both legs = | herniated intervertebral disc |
| herniated intervertebral disc | Pain along the sciatic nerve usually caused by a herniated disk of the lumbar region of the spine and radiating to the buttocks and to the back of the thigh. |
| client = ROM in shoulder = pain limited abduction muscle weakness = ? | rotarator cuff tear |
| rotarator cuff tear | otator cuff tears are problems of the rotator cuff muscles of the shoulder. One or more rotator cuff tendons may become inflamed from overuse, aging, a fall on an outstretched hand, or a collision. Sports requiring repeated overhead arm motion or occupati |
| client= chronic pain severe limit of all shoulder movement= ? | calcified tendonitis |
| calcified tendonitis | calcified =Consisting of, or containing, calcareous matter or lime salts; calcareous.tendonitis=Inflammation of a tendon. |
| ROM in shoulder client cannot shrug shoulder ? possible lesion in cranial nerve # ? | XI spinal accessory |
| elbow = pain & swealling acess 4 ? | arthritis |
| client =Dupuytren's contracture client will exibit? | inabality to extend ring & little finger |
| Dupuytren's contracture | Dupuytren contracture is a localized formation of scar tissue beneath the skin of the palm of the hand. The scarring accumulates in a tissue (fascia) that normally covers the tendons that pull the fingers to grip. As Dupuytren contracture progresses, more |
| stop on page 204 | (blank) |
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