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Ch 35 for Bio
Plant Structure, Growth, and Development
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How does the vascular tissue system enable leaves and roots to function together in supporting growth and development of the whole plant? | The vascular tissue system connects leaves and roots, allowing sugars to move from leaves to roots in the phloem and allowing water and minerals to move to the leaves in the xylem. |
| Characterize the role of each of the 3 tissue systems in a leaf. | Dermal: leaf's protective coveringVascular: consists of transport tissues xylem and phloemGroung: Preforms metabolic functions such as as photosynthesis |
| Describe at least 3 specializaions in plant organs and plant cells that are adaptations to life on land. | *Root hairs aid in absoptionof water and minerals.*Leaf trichomes protect from herbivores and pathogens.*Collenchyma and sclerenchyma cells have thick walls that provide support for plants. |
| Distinguish between primary and secondary growth. | *Primary growth: arises from apical meristems and involves production and elongation of organs.*Secondary growth: arises from lateral meristems and adds to the girth of roots and stems. |
| Roots and stems grow indeterminately, but leaves do not. How might this benefit the plant? | The largest, oldest leaves would be lowest on the shoot. Since they would probably be heavily shaded, they would not photosynthesize much regardless of their size. |
| Describe how roots and shoots differ in branching. | *Lateral roots emerge from the root's interior, pushing through cortical and epidermal cells. * Shoot branches arise on the exterior of a shoot. |
| Contrast primary growth in roots and shoots. | In roots, primary growth occurs in 3 stages:the zones of cell division,elongation, and diferentation. In shoots, it occurs ar the tip of apical buds, with leaf primordial arising along the sides of apical meristems. |
| Stomata and lenticels are both involved in gas exchange. Why do stomata need to be able to close, but lenticels do not? | Stomata must be able to close because evaporation is much more intensive from leaves than from the trunks of woody trees as a result of the higher surface-to-volume ratio in leaves. |
| Would you expect a tropical tree to have distinct growth rings? Why or why not? | The growth rings of a tree from the tropics would be difficult to discern unless the tree came from an area that had pronounced wet and dry seasons. |
| How can two cells in a plant have vastly different structures even though they have the same genome? | Differential gene expression |
| Explain how the fass mutation in Arabidopsis results in a stubby plant rather than a normal elongated one. | The arrangement of microtubles is disrupted so that the prophase band doesn't form which causes random planes of cell division. It also prevents the alignmen of cellulose micro fibrils that sets the plane of cell elongation. |
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titiwalton
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