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History Final 2022
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What motivated explorers during the Age of Exploration to find a route to Asia? | Looking for new trade routes |
| What were the three reasons for European exploration in the New World? (3 G's) | Gold (wealth), glory (competition), and God (Christianity) |
| List the items brought to AMERICA from AFRICA and their effects. | Enslaved people; Slavery was established. |
| List the items brought to AMERICA from EUROPE and their effects. | Horses and disease; Made transport easier, but all the disease went to the Natives who hadn't been exposed to them before |
| List the items brought to EUROPE from AMERICA and their effects. | Tobacco, corn, tomatoes, potatoes, and squash; Caused a huge spike in population |
| Define Mercantilism. | When a mother country/government has control over smaller countries |
| What was the Northwest passage, and what was its significance? | A route between Atlantic and Pacific oceans that people thought would be a faster way to get to Japan |
| List Columbus's country, route, and result. | Sailed for Spain, went from Spain to the Caribbean, which led to colonization in the New World. |
| List Magellan's country, route, and result. | Sailed for Portugal, went from Portugal around South America, the Philippines, Africa, and back to Europe. (circumnavigated the globe), which led to the discovery of the Pacific Ocean. |
| Lit Hudson's country, route, and result. | Sailed for the Dutch, went from Netherlands to Canada in North America, which led to the discovery of the Hudson Bay and Hudson River |
| What were the Americas like BEFORE Columbus? | Aztecs and Incas lived there, farming corn and potatoes. Few domesticated animals and little disease |
| What was West Africa like BEFORE Columbus? | Songhai, Mali, and Ghane empires were heavily involved in trade. They made many scientific and political advancements. |
| What was Europe like BEFORE Columbus? | Reformation, renaissance, and the feudal system. |
| When was Jamestown founded? | 1607 |
| Why was Jamestown founded? | Long-term settlement was needed |
| Who were important Colonists in Jamestown? | John Smith and John Rolfe |
| Jamestown secret to success? | Tobacco |
| When was Plymouth founded? | November 1620 |
| Why was Plymouth founded? | So people could practice religion freely |
| Who were important colonists in Plymouth? | William Bradford |
| Plymouth secret to success? | Good Native American relations, worked together, fishing |
| What were New England's Resources? | Timber, fish, copper |
| What were New England's Social/Religious Influences? | Puritans plus a few Separatists |
| What were New England's major towns/cities? | Boston |
| List the colonies in New England | Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island |
| What was New England's connection to Slavery? | Presence of slaves |
| List New England's key associations | Whaling and Puritains |
| What were the Middle Region's Resources? | Soil, timber, iron, and land |
| What were the Middle Region's Social/Religious Influences? | Quakers, Jews, and Catholics |
| What were the Middle Region's major towns/cities? | Philadelphia, and New York City |
| List the colonies in the Middle Region | Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey, and Delaware |
| What was the Middle Region's connection to Slavery? | Plantation slaves with no rights |
| List the Middle Region's key associations | Diversity, Quakers, and Tolerance |
| What were the Southern Region's Resources? | Land, fish, timber |
| What were the Southern Region's Social/Religious Influences? | Baptists and Catholics |
| What were the Southern Region's major towns/cities? | Charleston |
| List the colonies in the Southern Region | Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia |
| What was the Southern Region's connection to Slavery? | Many enslaved people who were forced to do hard labor |
| List the Southern Region's key associations | Plantations and slavery |
| Define an Indentured Servant | Someone who CHOSE to work for someone else for a set number of years in exchange for land or money |
| Define Slavery | Someone who is FORCED to do hard labor with no pay, no chance of being freed |
| What two major events happened in Jamestown in 1619? | First known Africans arrive in Jamestown, most enslaved, and first women arrive to solve gender imbalance |
| When was Massachusetts founded? | 1630 |
| Who founded Massachusetts? | John Winthrop |
| Why was Massachusetts founded? | Needed a 'model' religious colony |
| When was Pennsylvania founded? | 1681 |
| Who founded Pennsylvania? | William Penn |
| Why was Pennsylvania founded? | Religious freedom for Quakers |
| When was Maryland founded? | 1633 |
| Who founded Maryland? | 1st Baron Baltimore |
| Why was Maryland founded? | Religious freedom for Catholics |
| When was Georgia founded? | 1732 |
| Who founded Georgia? | James Oglethorpe |
| Why was Georgia founded? | Protect North Carolina and South Carolina from Spanish invasion |
| What were the long term effects of the French and Indian War? | Disputed claims in the Ohio River Valley, competition for fur trade, and tensions between the French and British in Europe |
| What were the short term effects of the French and Indian War? | French build for in Ohio River Valley, French capture For Duqanse, Fort Necessity is built |
| What was the political turning point of the French and Indian War? | William Pitt is elected British secretary of state |
| What was the military turning point of the French and Indian War? | The Battle of Quebec |
| What was the purpose of the Albany Plan of Union? | Get colonists to work together |
| Who proposed the Albany Plan of Union? | Ben Franklin |
| What was the result of the Albany Plan of Union? | Failed because colonists tried to work together but weren't ready |
| Who won the French and Indian War? | The British |
| What were the four results of the French and Indian War? | Treaty of Paris 1763, English gets land east of Mississippi and Canada, Spanish gets land west of Mississippi and Canada, Spanish gets land west of Mississippi and New Orleans, Native Americans unrest, Proclamation of 1763 and Pontiac Rebellion |
| What was salutary neglect in the colonies? | Great Britain ignored colonists and let them create their own government, then randomly began enforcing laws which upset colonists and made them rebel |
| What event led to the end of salutary neglect? | French and Indian War |
| What was the purpose of the Proclamation of 1763? | Prohibit colonial settlement west of Appalachians |
| What did the Quartering Act state and what was the result? | Made colonists provide housing for soldiers, they were upset and a group was formed debating what to do |
| What did the Stamp Act state and what was the result? | Taxed documents, colonists were mad and boycotted British goods in protest |
| What did the Townshend Acts state and what was the result? | Taxed imports, colonists reactions were violent towards British officials |
| What did the Intolerable/Coercive Acts state and what was the result? | 5 acts enforcing British beliefs, Sons of Liberty was formed to confront the issues first hand |
| Why were the colonists angry about the taxes? | They were angry because they were paying taxes to the British but didn't have any say in the government or what happened |
| What was the result of the Tea Act? | Boston Tea Party |
| What was the result of the Boston Tea Party? | Intolerable Acts |
| What was the result of the Townshend Acts? | Boston Massacre |
| What was the Great Awakening? | Religious movement led by Johnathan Edwards and George Whitefield centered around the idea that faith matters more than conformity. Left a legacy of theological disputes |
| What was the Enlightenment? | Political/philosophical movement led by John Locke. Based around the idea that reality could be questioned, and left a legacy of scientific inquiry |
| The Declaration of Independence was based off of the views of what English Philosopher? | John Locke |
| What were the advantages of the Colonists during the American Revolution? | Good leadership, knew the land, had a cause |
| What were the disadvantages of the Colonists during the American Revolution? | Minimal resources, poorly trained army |
| What were the advantages of the British during the American Revolution? | Seemed unbeatable, great military, loyalists fought with them |
| What were the disadvantages of the British during the American Revolution? | Didn't know the land, in debt and tired, hadn't fought outside Europe |
| What percentage of the population were patriots? | 45% |
| What percentage of the population were loyalists? | 20% |
| What percentage of the population were neutral? | 35% |
| What was a loyalist? | Colonists who supported the British during the war |
| What was a patriot? | Colonists who supported the colonies and wanted independence from Britain |
| What was the significance of Ticonderoga? | Henry Knox brings cannons back to camp to help with battles in Boston |
| What was the significance of Trenton? | Washington got important victory and a moral boost |
| What was the significance of Saratoga? | Turning point in war, France decides to ally with Americans. British change their strategy |
| What was the significance of Yorktown? | Cornwallis surrounded, French Navy stop British, last major battle |
| What was the significance of Bunker Hill? | British win despite many casualties, and they realize they have to change their strategy |
| What was the significance of Lexington? | First shorts fired of the Revolutionary War |
| Who won the Revolutionary War? | The colonies |
| What was National Debt like after the Revolutionary War? | $27 million in debt, couldn't pay soldiers their wages |
| What was the result of the Revolutionary War like for Native Americans? | Not included in Treaty of Paris, and lost land |
| What document outlined the United State's FIRST form of government? | Articles of Condeferation |
| What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? | Couldn't tax, enforce laws, or regulate trade. No president, no courts, and didn't outline how to deal with debt. |
| What caused the farmers uprising, Shay's Rebellion, and what was the result? | Debt crisis; farmers were mad because they weren't getting paid from the war, ultimately led to the formation of the new government |
| Declaration of Independence importance and date established: | July 4th, 1776, gave colonies independance |
| Constitution importance and date established: | Summer 1787, outlined and established the government of the United States |
| What did the Land Ordinance of 1785 do? | Grid that measured and surveyed land so it could be sold easier |
| What did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 do? | Decided territories and explained how new states would be able to join the nation |
| What was the Great Compromise? | Created two-part representation for states, one equal and one based on population |
| What was the 3/5 Compromise? | 5 enslaved people counted as 3 people for population and voting purposes, but they still did not have rights |
| What was the Bill of Rights Compromise? | Ensure that the constitution gave people basic rights |
| What was the purpose of the Preamble to the Consitution? | Set/establish goals for the Consitution |
| List the seven principles of the Constitution: | Popular Sovereignty, Republicanism, Federalism, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Limited Government, and Individual Rights |
| What is Popular Sovereignty? | People giver power to the government |
| What is Republicanism? | People show power by voting for representitaves |
| What is Federalism? | Central government gives power to smaller governments like states |
| What is the Separation of Powers? | All branches have equal amounts of power and control different things |
| What are Checks and Balances? | Branches work together and keep each other fair |
| What is Limited Government? | Rules and laws limit government from getting too much power |
| What are Individual Rights? | Everyone has rights and privileges that the government gives them |
| What is the common name for the Judicial Branch? | Supreme court |
| What are the powers the Judicial Branch has? | Interpret consitition |
| What checks on other branches does the Judicial Branch have? | Interpret things and declare them unconstitutional |
| What is the common name for the Executive Branch? | President |
| What are the powers the Executive Branch has? | Enforce laws |
| What checks on other branches does the Executive Branch have? | Veto things and appoint judges |
| What is the common name for the Legislative Branch? | Congress |
| What are the powers the Legislative Branch has? | Make laws |
| What checks on other branches does the Legislative Branch have? | Override vetos and impeach |
| What term refers to the people who supported the Constitution? | Federalists |
| What term refers to people who did NOT support the Constitution, and why didn't they? | Antifederalists, who didn't support the Constitution because they though the national government would take too much power |
| The list of the first ten amendments in the U.S. Constitution are called the... | The Bill of Rights |
Created by:
annekanelson
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