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PTA Scorebuilders

Musculoskeletal: Exercise Physiology, Kinesiology, Muscle Physiology

Question	Answer
the ___ system is used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 100 meters	ATP-PC
how long does the ATP-PC system provide energy for muscle contraction?	15 seconds
what three factors allow the ATP-PC system to be the most rapidly-available method of ATP production?	-doesn't depend on long series of chemical reactions -doesn't depend on oxygen -ATP and PC are stored directly in the muscle
the ___ and ___ systems are both anaerobic	ATP-PC anaerobic glycolysis
the ___ system is used for ATP production during high intensity, short duration exercise such as sprinting 400-800 meters; slower than the ATP-PC system	anaerobic glycolysis
how long does anaerobic glycolysis provide energy for muscle contraction?	30-40 seconds
anaerobic glycolysis results in the formation of ___, which causes muscle fatigue	lactic acid
anaerobic glycolysis only uses which two carbohydrates to generate ATP?	glycogen glucose
the ___ system is used for ATP production during low intensity, long duration exercise such as running a marathon	aerobic
how long does the aerobic system provide energy for muscle contraction?	as long as there are nutrients to utilize (food, oxygen)
the ___ system provides the most ATP of any system, but requires lengthy chemical reactions and is dependent on oxygen	aerobic
motions in the frontal plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the anterior-posterior axis	abduction adduction
motions in the sagittal plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the medial-lateral axis	flexion extension
motions in the transverse plane, such as ___ and ___, occur around the vertical axis	medial rotation lateral rotation
class ___ levers have the fulcrum between the effort/force and the resistance/load	1
class ___ levers have the resistance/load between the fulcrum and the	2
class ___ levers have the effort/force between the fulcrum and the resistance/load	3
___ joints are composed of bones united by fibrous tissue; non-synovial; little to no motion	fibrous
what are the three types of fibrous joints?	suture syndesmosis gomphosis
___ joints, such as the sagittal suture of the skull, are a union of two bones by a ligament or membrane; allow no motion	suture
___ joints, such as the tibia and fibula with the interosseous membrane, are bones connected by a dense fibrious material or cord; allow little motion	syndesmosis
___ joints, such as a tooth in its socket, are two bones connecting like a peg in a socket	gomphosis
___ joints are composed of bones connected by hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; slightly moveable	cartilaginous
what are the two types of cartilaginous joints?	synchondrosis symphysis
___ joints, such as the sternum and true rib articulation, are composed of bone connected by hyaline cartilage; allow slight motion	synchondrosis
___ joints, such as the pubic symphysis, are generally located in the midline of the body and are formed by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage; allow slight motion	symphysis
___ joints allow free motion of the bones they join and have five distinguishing characteristics- joint cavity, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, and fibrous capsule	synovial
___ joints, such as hinge or pivot joints, allow motion in one plane	uniaxial
___ joints, such as saddle or condyloid joints, allow motion in two planes	biaxial
___ joints, such as plane or ball-and-socket joints, allow motion in three planes	multi-axial
free nerve endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution:	location: joint capsule, ligaments, synovium, fat pads sensitivity: one type sensitive to non-noxious stimuli; other type is sensitive to noxious mechanical or biochemical stimuli primary distribution: all joints
Golgi ligament endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution:	location: ligaments, adjacent to ligaments' bony attachment sensitivity: tension on ligaments primary distribution: majority of joints
Ruffini endings location: sensitivity: primary distribution:	location: fibrous layer of joint capsule sensitivity: stretching of joint capsule; amplitude and velocity of joint position primary distribution: greater density in proximal joints, particularly in capsular regions
Pacinian corpuscles location: sensitivity: primary distribution:	location: fibrous layer of joint capsule sensitivity: high frequency vibration, acceleration, and high velocity changes in joint position primary distribution: all joints
Golgi-Mazzoni corpuscles location: sensitivity: primary distribution:	location: joint capsule sensitivity: compression of joint capsule primary distribution: knee joint, joint capsule
type ___ muscle fibers are aerobic, slow-twitch, have high capillary density and low fatigability	I
type ___ muscle fibers are anaerobic, fast-twitch, have low capillary density and high fatigability	II
___ are found in the belly of the muscle and relay information on muscle length and/or the rate of change in its length	muscle spindles
___ are found in the muscle tendon and relay information on tension in the muscle and/or the rate of change in tension	Golgi tendon organ

Created by: saram6450

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