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NUTRITION CH 12
Diet during Infancy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| BIRTH WEIGHT | doubles by 6 months & triples by first year. |
| How many calories does a normal 1yr old child need? | 98-108 calories per kilogram of body weigh each day |
| Infants need how much water? | 1.5 ml of water per calorie |
| What supplement is routinely given at birth for infant? | Vitamin K |
| T or F: Excess Vitamin A or D can be toxic to infants | TRUE |
| T or F: Fluoride may be supplemented as needed. | True |
| T or F: breastfeeding does not promote oral motor development. | FALSE |
| How often should breast be offered in the first few weeks? | every 2 hours |
| When do growth spurts occur? | 10 days, 2 weeks, 6 weeks, and 3 months, during which infant may nurse more frequently. |
| Breastfeeding beneficial to mothers: | less risk of breast cancer and osteoporosis |
| Indications of adequate nutrition: | - infant has 6+ wet diapers per day - infant has normal growth - infant has 1-2 bowel movements per day - breast becomes less full during nursing |
| Synthetic formula comes from what to be used for sensitive or allergic infants. | soybeans |
| T or F: Cow's milk can cause gastrointestinal blood loss in infants and should not be used. | True |
| When should solid foods be introduced? | 4-6 months of age and should be done gradually. |
| What follows solid foods? | cooked and pureed vegetables, then cooked and pureed fruits, egg yolk, and finally, finely ground meats. |
| What foods can be introduced during 6-12 months? | Zwieback teething biscuits, and cheerios |
| T or F: Honey can be given to an infant. | FALSE. honey can be contaminated with Clostridium Botulinum bacteria. |
| Why should juice never be given from a bottle? | Babies will fill up on it and not get enough calories from other sources.<br><br> use only 100% juice products and limit to 4oz per day because they are nutrient dense. |
| Indications readiness for solid foods | - disappearance of extrusion reflex(pushing food out with tongue)<br> - willingness to participate in the process - ability to sit up without support - having head and neck control - drinking more than 32oz of formula or nursing 8-10x in 24hrs |
| When is the sucking reflex developed? | 34 weeks gestation. infants born earlier will require TPN, tube feedings or bolus feedings. |
| CYSTIC FIBROSIS | inherited disease in which the body secretes abnormally thick mucus.<br> decreased production of digestive enzymes and malabsorption of fat.<br> recommendation: 35-40% of diet should be from fat. |
| FAILURE TO THRIVE | determined by plotting the infant's growth on standardized charts |
| Failure to thrive may be caused by? | watering down formula, congenital abnormalities, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS), lack of bonding, child abuse or neglect. |
| GALACTOSEMIA | condition in which there is a lack of the liver enzyme TRANSFERASE(converts galactose to glucose).<br> amount of galactose in the blood becomes toxic and results in diarrhea, vomitting, edema and abnormal liver function. |
| Galactosemia concerns: | cataracts may develop, galactosuria occurs and mental retardation. |
| PHENYLKETONURIA(PKU) | Infants lack the liver enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase, which is necessary for the metabolism of the amini acid phenylaline. |
| PKU concerns: | if untreated, become hyperactive, suffer seizures, and become mentally retarded between 6 & 18 months. |
| MAPLE SYRUP URINE DISEASE (MSUD) | Congenital defect resulting in the inability to metabolize 3 amino acids: leucine, isoleucine and valine. named for odor. |
Created by:
alogan
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